The shapes of the bronze are round and full in shape

God search terror "studies Yan wooden observation in February 2008? 4 turn export control IV m: behalf of the rong w God pattern Research '01. Yan was used to observe -2 handsome printed 2 H Shandong University master's degree on the stand performance for the knowledge of optics developed the ancients, it is difficult interpretation, magic foot bronze mirror of the real anti-carved, taking advantage of people think that Wu metamorphosis of Yaoxie in the mirror the} Class Photo also revealed the prototype, Demon mirror ". The decorations on the bronze in the Early Western Zhou Dynasty basically followed the style of Shang. Bronze mirror naturally have the ability of the evil in the deification of the Yue-generation Taoist culture, bronze mirror natural non-Secretary General of the fetish four bronze mirror of God in the picture towel back to square combination.
Mongolia levy the sun and the moon coincide, heaven and earth intersect with the characteristics and meaning of the "yin and yang intercourse, reflecting the connected world, the spirit of the station with Bay, reflect the realm of all things cattle, the group would like to." in auspicious, beautiful and sacred representatives of people's thoughts and feelings, symbol cis happy. Four bronze mirror, Tsui "mirror" the connotation based with the four gods of the cultural background, artistic image from the phase H-group units, to express the same heaven and earth, yin and yang, consistency of design thinking. Reached the Han people want to Pichu ominous, your animal well-being auspicious look forward to is due to represent the theme of the four gods of ancient cosmology. The bronze soon formed their own unique qualities.
 The symbol of Peace and Prosperity Ming and Taoist exorcism away evil functionality, making the patterns of the four gods from the Han Dynasty in subsequent dynasties bronze mirror decorated in eternity, it is reflected in the design of psychology is to drive away evil of human society, a common, bright right way of living conditions, universal symbolism. The man of God, the theme of decoration design of the Eastern Han Dynasty beam of a great number of the man of God theme in the decoration of the bronze mirror, Rudong work public, the portrait of the Queen Mother of the West mirror of the man of God portrait mirror, leaving style was influenced by the Han Dynasty Stone, to the performance of the dynamic of the characters for Feng less depicts the details here of the so-called man of God, refers to the ancient Taoism attain the marvelous and unpredictable. 'Chuang Tzu? The shapes of the bronze are round and full in shape, harmonious and friendly in decoration.
 Forced away travel cloud: the "perfect man has no self. God reactive saint unnamed Jew Heaven, stating that his beauty and talent characteristics of non-World asked the common." 'Appreciative? Songshun Di century "stone: Emperor posture appearance side, looks picturesque, and see that God. The decorations on the bronze got rid of the taotie, kui dragon and the ferocious, horrible and mysterious images popular in Shang.  "That is the man of God, gods, gods, Shinto religion and mythology, fantasy card slaughter the material world of the supernatural and has a personality and sense of existence of the gods. circle 2 Chia-4 East & God the Ilq milk mirror turn the bow IX-generation Chong towel called Women the day R'IJl soup surgery management pro-.2008 afternoon 2 H Shandong University Master's degree thesis of Taoism is the Chinese Han inherent in the religion of the nation, originated from ancient witchcraft, Eastern Han Dynasty.
Zhang Ling advocate Mingshan. Taoism Feng I teach ancestral honorific title "Lao Zi" to the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Ge Hong, "Bao Pu I? within organize and expounded Taoism theory. shown in Figure 2-004, often appear in the portrait in the mirror "East Princes" and "Queen Mother of the West" is the ancient Chinese myth of the fairy, Taoism believes in, according to Search God Kwong Kee recorded in: East Duke in charge of inspection recorded for Immortality Wang Tao men, all hope becoming immortal, the must through him to assessment, qualified only approved to become immortal; the Queen Mother of the West is responsible for inspection recorded learning cents Wang Tao of the women. Even the shapes of the bronze also abandoned the majesty and heavy mood, replaced by spreading, bold, forceful, and elegant touch.

Especially one piece of national treasure—phoenix bronze is unusual valuable

From its prevalence, casting technology, art, style, and its achievements in terms of, the Warring States Period, Han, Tang Dynasty, the three most important period of development. Are circular the Qijia to the Western Zhou Dynasty Qijia Shang and Zhou bronze mirror. Mirror flat or convex mirror body is thinner, more for bow or bridge-shaped button. Main factors mirror the Western Zhou Dynasty in the late re-loop mirror and the animals and birds pattern mirror. The customs department is suggested to buy large imitation of bronze of lion so as to show the majesty of the customs.
Spring and Autumn Period Spring and Autumn in the late to early Warring States period. This period and the mirror of the popular class: small prime mirror (the vegan mirror, a single ring, double ring chord factors, convex mirror), the pure land lines mirror (square pattern have land lines, but no inscriptions) Mosaic Mirror, Mirror of the Four Hills, multi-button microscopy. Are generally thin, round body, there is a bridge-shaped button. Zhenjiang museum has collected plentiful bronze of Wu state in large quantity number. Warring States Period, a wide variety of bronze mirror. The decoration of the bronze mirror changes, such as leaf patterns mirror mosaic mirror from simple clover four-leaf to eight leaves, also appeared to Yunlei Wen petals mirror, mosaic mirror. Four mountain character of the mirror by the stubby become thin, with petal pattern, leaf patterns, Jomon between words in the mountain, quite harassment.
Also appeared in five mountain mirror, the mirror of the Six Mountains. Then mirror class Diamondbacks mirror, animal pattern mirror, Chi Pan Bronze Mirror, Bronze Mirror with Arc, Gold and Silver wrong lines mirror, painted mirrors and so on. Late Warring States period to Qin does not appear the four-leaf coil Chi mirror, Pan Chi prism, three-layer pattern of the Yunlei Wen Pan Chi Bronze Mirror with Arc. Han Dynasty bronze mirror Han Dynasty in addition to continue to follow the Warring States Period Mirror, the most popular bronze mirror: dragon decoration and mirror coil, the coil snake pattern mirror, Zhangcao pattern mirror nebula mirror, cloud thunder with arc design mirror, animals and birds pattern rules mirror, as restated mirror-type animal. Especially one piece of national treasure—phoenix bronze is unusual valuable.
Even arc pattern inscription mirror, heavy ring inscriptions mirror, four milk animal pattern mirror, multi-milk animal pattern mirror deformation to the four-leaf mirror, animal mirror, portrait mirror, dragon and tiger pattern mirror, sunlight and arc mirror, four milk God mirror the four gods of the seven milk animal patterns mirror. Han Dynasty Chinese bronze mirror important period of development. Chinese bronze mirror, the most number of unearthed Han mirror, the use of common, Han mirror not only in quantity more than the Warring States period, and has made significant progress on the production of forms and means of artistic expression. This bronze(a wine container) was unearthed in the Seto Brick-Kiln of Danyang in December 1976. Its development trend can be divided into three major stages, important changes occur in the period of Han Wudi, the Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mang period, the mid-Eastern Han Dynasty.
The early Western Han Dynasty is the turn of the Warring States Period Mirror Han mirror. Until around the middle Western Han Wudi, the new mirror class popular. The development of these new mirror class of the later bronze mirror plays a connecting role. Lacquer wares according to the archaeological excavations unearthed the information of the bronze mirror, bronze mirror of this period there are several types of the more popular: Mirror class of the animal: restated animal mirror, surround animal Mirror, draw text with Buddhism beast mirror. This bronze should belong to the Middle Western Zhou.

The distribution of the culture of the bronze took the Dianchi Lake area as the core

Performance comparison shown in Figure 15. C4083S alloy due to its phase transition temperature higher cooling rate requirements are more stringent, laboratory simulations at different temperatures under air cooling and furnace cooling, water quenching and cooling system, its hardness index changes shown in Figure 16. C4083S alloy production even if the air-cooled, its hardness is less than the required standards must be water-cooled, increasing the cooling rate can significantly increase its hardness index, according to the characteristics of the alloys tested with artificial water spray cooling process. The official excavations to the culture of the bronze began at the establishment of the Yunnan Provincial Museum in 1951.  However, this cooling method is very uneven, and the cooling rate is not ideal, although the material properties greatly improved, shown in Figure 17, but still less than the required standards, thereby increasing the key of the alloys: the development of certain pressure of the strong cooling water loop to further enhance the cooling rate, alloy extrusion to achieve a cooling rate of the sub-quenched state.
Air-cooled HRB92.5 (Al2.75%) air-cooled HRB86 (Al2.92%) Figure 15 MBA-alloy extruded pipe air-cooled and air-cooled microstructure and performance comparison of 16 250 water quenching air-cooled furnace cooling the HBW 200 150 100 ℃ 750 800 550 600 650 700 heat treatment temperature of the original extruded's state HWB178 600 ° C quenching, air cooling, furnace cooling to 700 ° C air-cooled quenching the 700, 750 ℃ 700 ℃ furnace cold Figure 16 C4083S alloy pipe of different heat treatment system performance and organizational 200 195 190 185 frequency after the extrusion of the middle of the tail of the HBW 180 175 170 165 160 head of F = 6 Figure 17 C4083S alloy hardness distribution of water-cooled test (in respect of the trial six extruded tube performance to do the accuracy. The distribution of the culture of the bronze took the Dianchi Lake area as the core.
 Of the extruded pipe statistics to control high-strength wear bronze extruded precision are higher, with extruded pipe to the synchronizer ring, for example, the product accuracy requirements are reflected in the following aspects:  pipe diameter size deviation. Extruded pipe outside diameter tolerance demanding, generally about 1% of the nominal diameter of the strict + 0.5%, far higher than the limits prescribed by GB in production must be strictly according to the material thermal expansion characteristics of the different temperatures, reasonable design margin squeeze tool and die, strict implementation of extrusion operating procedures and process specifications (such as tool and die preheating systems, etc.) in order to ensure that the inner diameter tolerance of the product. Ten thousands of bronze were found in over 40 locations scattered in more than 20 cities and counties kike Kunming.
This indicator reflects the degree of inside and outside the circle concentric, is to ensure that key indicators of the size of the synchronizer ring fine car, is now generally eccentricity ≤ 7%, the adjustment of the extrusion equipment must be very carefully, according to the circumstances of the equipment, select reasonable specifications of the ingot, extrusion system using reasonable to select a reasonable type of piercing needle in order to effectively control the drift of squeeze perforations piercing needle to produce concentricity to meet the requirements of the pipe after the fumble, has acquired control of eccentricity technology, the production of pipe eccentricity general control below 6 percent, the best can be controlled at about 5 percent, fully meet the requirements of domestic and foreign users of the eccentricity. In terms of the shapes of bronze, the production methods of the Western Zhou Dynasty as the same as the period of Xia and Shang.

From the shape of the flesh fly Tong Province sound

This figure as in the Warring States period, compared with the coffin painting of the Marquis Yi of Zeng yielded, a pen is more free and easy and delicate, more skilled grasp of the painting tools and materials performance, showing the remarkable progress of lacquer painting skills. (See picture), a small painting drawn in a variety of practical objects more colorful, lively and natural. The shape of a variety of people and animals is also color with extremely exaggerated and distorted manner, thus generally Chu painting unique mysterious deceitful cunning temperament, but compared with the painting on the lacquer coffin, but also many bright and lively, filled with intense reality breath of life. Only the distinguished people with high status were permitted to use such a bronze. Pi Daojian Chu art history, Wuhan: Hubei Education Press, 1995. 276, "Bun Chu Tomb" (book), Beijing: Cultural Relics Publishing House, 1991.
Hubei Institute of Fine Arts Master's degree thesis textual research of Section 2 bronze dragon bronze dragon as a unique decoration in the Chinese civilization has been repeatedly used in a coffin on top of the princes, kings, it is indeed worth pondering, the painting on the lacquer coffin certain related content secretive, and Chu faith as a whole and full of decorative lacquer coffin, all kinds of miraculous images like the dragon, phoenix, monster shape, "Shan Hai Jing" as the representative of Southern myth traditional visually reflects the . When the emperor in old times granted titles and territories to the nobles, he would bestow them bronze as a reward.  The following is a brief. "The text said" the told the dragon to make an explanation: "the length of the dragon, scale insects, psionic Ming, can be small or huge, short to long. Vernal equinox and the impossible, the autumnal equinox and dives into the abyss. From the shape of the flesh fly Tong Province sound.
Song Guo Ruo picture horizons Chi Volume I, on the ancient painted dragon-like, be summed up as "precipitation of three stops, divided into nine like: angle like deer, head like a camel, eyes like a ghost, the neck like a snake, like abdominal mirage, like fish scales, claws like a hawk, the palm of a tiger, like cattle ear. with these controls within the coffin on the painting, is far less than the plotted complex. Hence, when you wish to present a gift to you bosses, leaders or commercial partners, a replica of bronze will be an ideal option.  The coffin itself surrounded by a dragon (the snake), birds, God (person) consisting of a variety of patterns, the original may have a certain moral, or is from some kind of myths and legends. Was put aside, only on both sides of the sarcophagi of the lattice door guard animal warrior explained that "soil BO"。
Said, both interpretations have some truth for "Fang Xiangshi" or "feather". Can not be ignored, however, lattice doors and guard warrior coffin on both sides of the main pattern, but that is a part of the pattern of the entire coffin, even if it is part of a very important position. Therefore, if not the entire coffin patterns to be studied, or place them among the various patterns of the entire coffin will be lost to the biased, it is difficult to the door and gatekeepers warrior clearly. To this end, I think the combination of literature to make some of these patterns first examine. Da Yu Ding is a round bronze sculpture with straight ears and cylinder feet.  The first dragon of the painted birds on the coffin, "Shan Hai Jing? South times by" these records: "from the cabinet Mountain The paint Wu Shan ... its god-like are its body, while the birds first." Coffin painted bird The first dragon, perhaps a kind of God. On the move a two dragons, "Mountains and Seas?

China had rich resources of bronze sculpture in the ancient days

looking husband Xi future, who is thinking" Come in mixed, where mixed refers to is the pan two weeks when the row of pan: flute unearthed information on only four, to remove the tomb, the remaining three are in Henan, pan there are three kinds of texture of the bamboo, stone, bone unearthed here. Xichuan Temple unearthed the pan, as the wing, to a complete chipped from stone, followed by progressive of the 13 series of the length of the tube, the wall is thinnest at only 1 mm. currently known pan compiled the number of tubes ranging from 13-20, ethereal sound, the range spans three unmatched by octave, so that the flute, flute class wind instruments, pottery drums: To tie in with the development of prehistoric music, Henan Museum advance copy to use as musical instruments, pottery drum unearthed Zheng Tao Drums: State Kawamura and Township, Zhu Gang two-type system. The pattern occurs on virtually all bronze.
 Pottery drum have seen in the Qujialing culture and Yangshao drumhead of this period more than leather fixed, because deep underground after a long period of changes, drum and more decadent, mixed in the Amoy control group is difficult to identify, it is shaped pottery "," Trumpet "," special shapes "title, or because of their up and down through is called" leakage "due to its unearthed more children of a funeral, also called "urn coffin as the kind of information unearthed, the deepening of the level of awareness and research, the music industry speculated that it was unearthed drums musical instruments. A later source reveals that the taotie on the bronze is man-eating beast that harms people.  In 1978 Xiangfen Taosi such objects, as well as with the lizard drum, chime stones with out artifacts combination relations confirms the academic point of view, that it has the functions and role of the percussion.
Throughout the Yellow River Basin pottery drum unearthed, we speculate may be the shaman of the Yellow River Basin used musical instruments at the towards the dead, sacrificial rituals. in command of the status of the role of soul pottery drum, reflecting the Neolithic existing rhythm dominated by the traditional combination of relations with other instruments, thus creating a this feature in the region of the large Central Plains culture system. The taotie occurs on ritual bronze used for sacrifices. Tao Xun: Orchestra pottery Xun copy the kind of muddy gray pottery unearthed at the Yin Ruins in Anyang, well preserved. straight Tao Xun: the mouth flat, plain polished, the hen's eggs. waist and lower part of the side of the three sound hole was self-shaped arrangement of the inverted product, left a small hole.
 More than two holes slightly larger on one side and two one-shaped arrangement of the sound hole, basically represents Xun shape of the mainstream. Xun are color sexual instruments, the sound of whining contingent, such as resentment, such as Mu, he endured, such as the complaint. "Tao Xun, China's Sinfonia on the basis of the Yin Xun, the sound hole expansion to 8, and ergonomic structure rearrange, expand the range, improve the performance of the melody., Pipa: 10, pipa: to develop Tang Dynasty music copied the Qin working people to create a straight shank, round speakers, vertical hold performance of "string drum used by peddlers"; Eastern Han Dynasty, the beginning called "batch", this era stereotypes to the four strings 12 grade, known as "lute"; the fourth century, with the exchange with the Western culture, there is a half-pear-shaped speaker. China had rich resources of bronze sculpture in the ancient days.

The new edition contains thousands of bronze sculpture of China

Aluminum mirror work process is simple and low cost, with pure water only by a electrodialysis can meet the technical requirements. The aluminum mirror is also a lot of deficiencies. The biggest problem is that the lens reflection rate, color reduction degree is not good. In addition, the high conductivity of pure water, resulting in the watermark on the glass; degree of vacuum to produce black smoke; back paint quality is not high, so that the paint easy to fall off, than the service life (under 42). South China has seen a large number of unearthed bronze. Glass 26 2 (4) control with the material moisture content of not more than 9 percent, or seriously affect the melting of the amber material. practical result of the above formula and process control methods, and practice, in the company of several kilns were all successful. From beginning to end does not produce bubbles, glass of good quality, beautiful color and stability, different periods of the spectral curves coincide very well.
Discussion and Conclusion  more research data shows that the alkali content of high to produce brown, but in the factory's production, if the glass is high alkali content of the design is not conducive to the material operations of habit, the machine speed is not go, and the rise in the cost formula. The company Practice has proved that, Influences of R2O content of 13 7 ~ 14 2%, the RO content of between 10 to 12 percent have access to a beautiful amber. Glauber's salt in a strong reduction of the amber material production process, but introducing shader required for sulfur, not as a clarifying agent. The Wu and Yue bronze amazed academic circles with their exquisite and thin-walled casting. Excessive introduction of bubbles generated by one of the main reasons. Glauber's salt dosage per 100 kilograms of sand in the formulations, no more than 0. 7 kg is appropriate, Glauber's salt and white, the proportion of coal in 0 75 0 9 with the better.
The introduction of green broken glass, chromium spectrum absorption peak characteristics, it is difficult to get a beautiful color. Colorless glass, the introduction of properly adjust the carbon content of sulfur will not cause air bubbles. salt in a non-essential factor in the formulation of amber material. The stability of the process is to guarantee access to quality amber glass. (Continued from page 44) short. Especially difficult to lens secondary processing (milling, drilling, engraving, etc.), can not meet the needs of high-grade decoration. This book is about the collections of bronze.  With the improvement and enhancement of the production process, the silver-plated mirror again by the world's attention. Products known as advanced silver mirror, a mirror products in the "Modern Prince".
Advanced silver mirror from the 1950s in Europe and the United States, the Krupp Company of Germany, Italy, Bowen and the United States Suo Maka, representing the highest level of today's world senior silver mirror production equipment. Silver mirror high reflectivity, color reduction, image clarity and lifelike, coating evenly and firmly, back paint, simple operation, production, production speed, product specifications, with the advantages of aluminum mirror can not be compared by today's greatly welcomed by the market. The new edition contains thousands of bronze sculpture of China. Advanced silver mirror production process: the selection of films (high-quality float glass) → polishing → → prewash high pure water → activation → silvering → copper → air-dried → metal curing → curtain leaching primer → → poorly at the infrared drying infrared drying → air cooling → curtains cream finish → → air cooling → water cooling → mirror pickling → air-dried → packing → showings silver mirror there is a very big difference with the traditional silver-plated mirror.

Chinese bronze is an art that records a wonderful civilization of China

In the long journey of the development of human civilization, bronze weapons for its unique figure reflects a history of blood and fire, the brilliant and tragic, cold bronze weapons, the hot bronze weapons, chemical and biological weapons, the continuous evolution, depicting a complex picture of human barbarity and civilization, staggered kink difficult before. / Cold bronze weapons of the earliest human use, the use of the longest bronze weapons, it had to dominate the arena of war, after the stone bronze weapons, the slow evolution of copper bronze weapons, iron and bronze weapons; firearms after the birth, also had a cold hot bronze weapons and the long period of time; even nuclear weapons, high-tech bronze weapons to rule the roost in the 20th century and in the future, daggers, bayonets, etc. will still have some useless. Chinese bronze is an art that records a wonderful civilization of China.
 Can say, without any type of weapons can have such a long history of the cold bronze weapons and tenacity. In this sense, five of the Three Kingdoms 6 and 5 Water Margin can be used as weapons dating history to read. With weapons and characters in the two texts, in which characters can be broadly divided into five types. The delicate artworks of bronze reflect facts about the life of Chinese people all along the history. The leader sits central leader equipping them with weapons are generally not to battle fight, more for self-defense, for decoration, a symbol of authority in hand, so the description of the bronze weapons omitted. Liu Bei is double-stranded bronze swords, bronze sword 100 soldiers, 100 soldiers with Shuhan of the Lord, Liu Bei's bronze sword there is symbolic of power.
Although the Song Jiang often led troops to fight but he is the commander in chief, with a knife is also a critical time, a wave of orders to use. 21 counselors / devised strategies, winning thousands of miles outside 0, weapon they do not have much actual significance, the general self-defense or decoration. Zhuge Liang of the ordinary scholars, the Emergency Decree, a / lupine refers to 0, lupine the right to charge the bronze weapons. When talking about bronze, people will think of their value. Mastermind Wu is quite distinctive, and he was always leisurely. He a scholar dressed appearance: [author] Peng Jiancheng (1969 -), male, Hunan Xiangxiang, Guangxi Normal University Department of Chinese Master's graduate.
 On the bronze weapons and characters harmonious US-37 wearing a barrel-like wiping eyebrow beam turban, wearing a collar soap border linen wide-shirt, tied at the waist a Chahe luan with net stockings of silk shoes below. His weapons very different in style, two copper chain, copper chain and the common cold bronze weapons, making them the whereabouts of no fixed, you can hit all sides, round freely, roll up, do not see the bronze weapons. Wu use their props fully reflected in the army, division, multi-Chi's image characteristics. Copper chain and Zhuge Liang Wu lupine would not have the same purpose? People will most likely think of the ancient bronze.
31 loyalty-type loyalty type can be divided into two categories. First, the quick response type. This natural non-Guan Gong is none other than Guan Yu 5 of the Three Kingdoms efforts to praise the object. His broadsword weighed 82 pounds, the blade of the moon, with Guan Yu added to the points of masculine beauty. Guan Yu on the battlefield With a two-edged Qinglong Dao, warm wine, chopped Chinese male, punish Yan Liang and Wen Chou, over five hurdles will take Changsha, pulling Xiangyang, invincible, the Soochow Menyan, generously solo run. Quick response, the righteous spirit of Guan Yu holding a broadsword's image has become the idol of the ancient people pay homage to. Few are acquainted with the history or characteristics of bronze sculpture.

What system of regulations and measures

Although the number is considerable, but the quality of the problems are many. bronze weapons production; quality management; Song Dynasty period, firms Lin'an except along the old system is still home to the Northern Song Dynasty East workshop and safety workshop, as well as device A of the Imperial Arsenal manufacturing Arsenal and are for homes, repair within the Division also take some of the bronze weapons. It may have something to do with the function of the bronze.  In addition, King Gojong Shaoxing seven years Song Dynasty, the surrounding environment complex ethnic conflicts sharp, serious foreign aggression. need for external national struggle to cope with the rapidly developing and increasingly sharp class contradictions within, Zhao Song Dynasty is not only fed by a large army, and the needs of a variety of weapons and equipment for the protection of the army, also "in the Wu Bei, especially cut 'attention.
As the "Rong battle to keep the task, which attaches great importance to the development of the handicraft industry of its own military. Song Dynasty military handicraft development mainly in the cold bronze weapons production technology improved over the previous generation; the emergence of firearms and the war in widespread use; the artificial production of various types of bronze weapons is unprecedented. To enshrine the bronze in the temple would do something good to them. The details of the Song Dynasty military handicraft development? what system of regulations and measures? pretentious technological progress that the quality of its bronze weapons on certain sophisticated? This is the issues to be discussed is worth mentioning that the Song Dynasty, began to enter our hot and cold bronze weapons and times, but when the firearm is still in the original state, less lethal, also failed to replace the cold bronze weapons.
 In other words, the Song Dynasty used for military equipment, conventional weapons are still a variety of knives, spears, bows, crossbows, bronze swords, arrows, guns, rods, shields, armor and other traditional cold bronze weapons mainly Therefore, this article On the bronze weapons production refers to the production of cold bronze weapons. In the first month, in the limits the government set "manufacturing Imperial Army Council, however. The bronze either bring them good luck or ward off evil spirits. the A and manufacture of the Bureau of the Imperial Army Southern Song Dynasty exists only in a very short period of time, respectively scrap strike in four years (1130) Jianyan August and Shaoxing Kong the capital of bronze weapons workshops according to their service targets and affiliation can be will be divided into the inner court (or the Imperial) and the outer court (or the court).
 The Genetin system workshop "hand do not receive the outer court," made, bronze weapons primarily for use by the inner court, or for reward civil and military officials of the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhan Madao Bureau, saddle, [the imperial life and the Southern Song Dynasty scribe are the inner court of the Imperial should be instructions from the manufacture of military control at the bronze weapons workshop. due to the special object of the inner court workshop. workshops of artisans must be highly skilled master of these master craftsmen drawn from the various workshops of the outer court system, but a large number of master craftsmen to be drawn into the inner court workshop a very adverse impact on the manufacture of bronze sculpture to the workshops of the outer court. Much has been said about the meaning and explanation of decoration on the Shang ritual bronze.

The great majority of the bronze sculpture are now housed in the museums around China

The Chinese national packaging design industry in the face of such challenges, how will it? This is all this industry and concerns of the industry must seriously think about. Color and packaging design of the packaging of care take care of the relationship of color and packaging is able to reveal the external color of the packaging or reflection of the inner packaging items. Make a man look packaging will be able to basically perceive or think of the inner packaging of the mass. From the industry to make progress, normal food packaging design with color main colors yellow, pink expressed in this way gives a sense of warmth and intimacy. Decoration equals to the pretty attire and language of the bronze as well as the soul of the bronze of the Shang dynasty. Of course, in which tea packaging design, packaging design of the green a lot, drink, green and blue a lot, alcohol, cakes packaging design with a big red a lot of children's food packaging design rosy less.
Daily cosmetics packaging design normal use in dark green color of its main colors and more rosy, pink and white, light green, light blue, dark brown to highlight the warm elegance of the fantastic clothing and shoes packaging design and more , dark blue, brown or gray as much, to highlight the steady weight elegant beauty. bronze are coated with a flavor of mystery and not the general sense of ones of practical value, growing to the token to communicate between the human and the gods and the ancestors.  performance characteristics, a single food packaging design, cakes, snacks and more gold, yellow, light yellow gives the impression of the smell of very hot; tea, beer and other drinks and more with red or green class, a symbol of tea rich and aromatic; tomato juice, juicy apple with red concentrate showed that the natural attributes of the items. Although some packaging Judging from the main colors to color unlike the above-mentioned.
 As with similar product attributes, but carefully looked if the package design from the experts in the pen, then, in its packaging design screen in the quasi-point clear of the pen symbol color, color point, color line or the colors prominent focus on content. This should be everyone who's finest creations. After repeated trial and success, the approach of lost wax became the typical way to cast bronze. Some clothing, packaging design, and some make-up packaging design, and even some wine packaging design can be found in many such examples. Color and color contrast to the relationship between packaging design, color and color contrast between the most likely to exhibit a lot of merchandise packaging but very difficult to grasp things. Chinese calligraphy and painting often so popular a called airtight, dredging can Happy Valley.
Actually is a contrast. Performance in packaging design, this contrast is very obvious, but also very common. Shades of color used in contrast, the severity of the use of color contrast, color point the face of complexity contrast ratio, color use, use of color, refined and popular tastes contrast, color contrast between the contrast and so on. depth of color contrast. Packaging design depth of contrast is most frequently appear on the packaging design, the use of color, using the widest range. Very common in a lot of graphic packaging design printing design. Though these marvelous decorations, the bronze themselves become the mark of abundant cultural implication.  The so-called depth of contrast, refers to the design and use of color, shades of two colors at the same time subtly appear in one screen, arising out of the class more coordinated perspective.
Commonly used in such a large area of light-colored bunk, on which with a dark composition, such as the pale yellow of the bunk to composition, with brown or pale yellow or white pattern lines in brown color; also, such as dark green with light green bunk; composition; pink bunk; red composition; light gray bunk; the composition of soap black. The great majority of the bronze sculpture are now housed in the museums around China. These are color shades contrast with this form of packaging design we can in some cosmetics on the packaging or the packaging of some Western wine, especially wine packaging in Western Europe, the most common. Changyu wine and Shuanghui sausage and CJ meat packing in this form of performance. This form of packaging is also common in Japan and South Korea, Taiwan. It is the visual effect is crisp, simple, gentle, simple and elegant.

Most of them are sacrificial bronze sculpture

The problem is the deepest feelings of a generation. Various pressures, they make all the stops to get the English four, six, computers and three certificate, diploma, degree certificate ... they worked extremely hard into the foreign-owned enterprises when the white-collar, dry white-collar workers live to bear tremendous pressure to work overtime every day to earn more than migrant workers addition not, they do not have to catch up with the lift of the welfare housing, meager housing fund loan move into new houses at all not quite happy, because for many people, it may take II pick-year loans ah! When the bronze was fresh out of the furnace, it is not that beautiful.  They live in the era of rapid development of electronic information industry, online information waves, such as Chung, grasp the large amounts of information.
However, more is described in these young and vibrant people, they was born in the 1980s, the magnificent background of knowledge-based economy into the workplace almost immediately emerge, different fresh temperament is an impact traditional lifestyles and values, but their lives are not so perfect, the brutal competition for jobs, human nature, dangerous, and the weight of the family. The color of the bronzewas beautiful and pretty. The following is the editor of the Marketing Academy and the bronze consumer psychology, a famous scholar in the field of Ding Jiayong the dialogue, perhaps you know this group of young people's consumer behavior plays an important revelation. Marketing Academy: From a psychological point of view, the hearts and minds than anything else, you think how the manufacturers and merchants to curry favor with the 80 consumer groups?
 Dingjia Yong: In fact, I think your topic is very interesting. In November 2005, BNP Paribas has released the study report, not here to talk about. From the Bronze consumer psychology stresses the "hearts and minds" strategy, marketing, the key is to look at the concept of "consumer" in the minds of operators. In the minds of the ancients, the bronze had two basic functions. Effective marketing strategy is built on top of the grasp of consumer psychology. Understanding of consumers think (cognition), they experience (emotion), they are willing to do (behavior) and can affect all these things, and local (environmental). It is also the difference of every consumer in these areas, which makes consumer behavior and marketing plan shows the diversity, but also makes the market more colorful. "80", "consumer" is what is what? This sentence or two is hard to say clearly.
Is easy to see from the above point of view, now "80" is becoming the mainstream of society, they are most prominent feature is: not as the last generation, hard-working things, busy, they are more personalized and thought, because this generation a fundamental change in the human environment for the growth of the previous generation. Most of them are sacrificial bronze sculpture.  Is long, only innovation can seize the day. Probably the best description of the psychology of this generation. Business marketing strategy in the face of "80" may be due to different products or services are very different, but the most important point is to highlight the personality and style. In style, color, or packaging, only on an "I like that I like the" subjective perception. Businesses do not hope they will have a lot of purchasing power, but they will have great influence.

These are the general introductions to the bronze of Shang Dynasty

The doing of things that did not do remorse, take some time to form, a result caused by guilt. In fact, life, people often fall into remorse remorse, cherish the hard-won opportunity to spend more time with his family, not before the death of a friend explained to him the hatchet. If a process, why did it? Some suggestions: Fundamentally, insurance guarantees and basic financial planning, is the bottom line of life, like the construction of the building need to lay a solid foundation. Do not have insurance, all of your financial planning, may be destroyed overnight. You are the boss, there are millions of assets, but your assets are not all cash, or deposited in the bank at any time expenditure. The distribution of these bronze are extensive and broad. Your own unique financial habits, but it is the smooth functioning of the premise that you will not risk an accident, will not add a huge unexpected expenses.
Despite your desire is good, but in real life this assumption does not exist. Because the longer, the greater the risk. The risk of loss, how do you do? Auction real estate, or are bullish on the stock to sell, or you go to the borrower? No matter how you do your financial planning will be shattered. You will I never do something for the transfer of the risk of loss and regret. During this period the early shapes of bronze are close to ge , jue and jade cup with ears and so on.  Therefore, you should do is shift the risk of loss to ensure the successful realization of your financial planning. Suppose you are a football coach your team in the final with rivals always deadlocked, seeing that the extra time coming to an end, both sides have to each other penalty showdown, winning even more remote possibility. Just at this point, due to serious foul the other player in the restricted area, your team get a penalty, this is really a golden opportunity.
You have two players positioning the ball high technology, an average scoring rate of 55% can be mediocre this game, not in the state. Another average scoring rate of 45% active in this game, you make Who penalty this critical penalty? I think you must be the performance of the game active who the players kick the penalty, do you think he certainly does not live. In fact, your decision is not science, because you ignore the existence of the probability. The discovery of this kind of bronze in general do not go beyond this boundary. The average scoring rate of the two players, one is 55%, another 45%, regardless of the performance of the game, and regardless of prior to their respective miss a good opportunity of how many times the goal, the next time they kicked a penalty goal chance will be close to the average scoring rate. In other words, who average scoring rate of 55% of the players kick the penalty goal chance is definitely higher than the average scoring rate of 45% of the players, this is a chance.
 The reason why most people will ignore the chance, do not know the probability of scientific, but relies on subjective speculation on the judgment made suffered a loss. People always overestimate the chance of hope that what is happening, is human after all emotional animals. Only on one thing, the greater the expectations, disappointed that the greater the value. Big expectations, and people live in the imagination, imagine those not necessarily what happened. The more they want more intoxicated, the more intoxicated the more self-righteous. Results when there is a sudden accident by surprise, suffered heavy losses. Such lessons are numerous vivid. These are the general introductions to the bronze of Shang Dynasty.
In terms of individual, time and risk the probability of relationship must be made clear. As long as one is alive, every time the face is not the time to risk the chance of the two is 50%. You throw a coin, the probability of positive and negative are equal, suppose you throw consecutive 10 coins, 10 times a positive probability is how much? 30% and even above it? In fact, 10 times a positive probability only 1/1024, which is about 0.1% (10 of 50% multiplied by the result of). Thus, this era may be the transition period of the bronze sculpture of Shang Dynasty.  We can calculate, you throw a coin, like you had a two-year, two years for an fate of the cycle, you throw the front, said the past two years have you been all time, and the opposite on behalf of risk. You throw 10 times, over 20 years.

The reader a glimpse into the Wu bronze sculpture decorative patterns

Archaeological discoveries have such examples. In general, the dagger can only be so pierced the breastplate standing warrior, dagger only managed to cut the thorns hurt their bare arms or thighs, causing heavy bleeding to kill him. Proportion to reinstall the soldiers of the total number of deaths in battle, where the data: 5% of the winner, the loser 15%, showing that the protective effect of armor on the soldiers. Fighting between the Greek, does not make the Greek city-states to become a military power. Inter-ethnic war is the best experiment to prove that a nation's military abilities. Wu bronze with creative designers are full of artistic charm. The past century, the Greeks began colonization out. They began to encounter the alien, but in the colonial movement, the Greeks encountered are basically weapons poor barbarians - the West has spread iron bronze weapons.
 Equipment here mainly refers to protective equipment, despite the late primitive society, people in the same high courage, but in terms of overall quality, they can not be compared with the Greek. Therefore, the resistance of the indigenous people in general is very easy to be ruled out. Worth remember is the grain-producing area in the north shore of the Black Sea to seek the Greeks encountered the Scythians, skilled in riding and shooting and also encountered the latter the angle of the bow. Wu bronze necessarily reflect their corresponding aesthetic experience, aesthetic sense and aesthetic concepts. However, in my impression, the Scythians with the Greeks actually never occurred in the war. Scythians dare to plunder Asia, not to test the truth of the sight of the Greek colonies, but it does not find the record, so there can not compare the tactics of the Scythians with the Greek tactics. Scythians, I guess, is the test over the Greek colonies, but feel too "hard", after no weight to. For the Greeks, Scythians military value, but to do police it.
Really great danger, and finally the advent of the beginning of the 5th century. The Persian Empire decided to conquer Greece, Greek wise to master the whole of West Asia, the Persian national strength is much stronger than the sum of the Greek city-states, and West Asia over two thousand years of political struggle trained Persian strategy than an endless struggle. Weapons, Persian should at least equal with Greece, while the number of armed forces is much higher than the Greek. Greece only struggling struggling. Decorative patterns on the bronze produced by layering.  However, the outcome of the war far beyond the people's surprise, Greece is not only defeated the Persian casualties significantly less than the Persian, not only in the defense of Greece achieved success in Asia Minor also won. Victory in the war reasons, historians have long been public opinion, and now only in respect of the issue of weapons to talk about.
The force of the Persian Empire is based on the riding and shooting, which is very different with great importance to heavy infantry Greek. From here the reader a glimpse into the Wu bronze sculpture decorative patterns that focus on the aesthetic sense. In West Asia, riding and shooting, its practicality, however, in the mountainous, has the biggest advantage of the narrow plain Greek cavalry - mobility, but plays out. In this way, in fact, the Persian army had to fight the way the Greeks are familiar with. In combat, as Herodotus wrote that the Persian archers could not effectively hurt the Greek heavy infantry, and their spears as good as the Greek spear so long warships at sea is not such as the Greeks. Word, Persian arms performed significantly worse than the Greek weapons. Persian technological level, the effectiveness of their weapons to play, does not seem to be such as historical performance so bad, then the poor performance of Persia weapons. Why?

When exactly the bronze sculpture came into being has no accurate proof

In particular, with the rise of the U.S. trade protectionist tendencies in the current financial and economic crisis environment naturally become the object of the U.S. part of the people vent their emotions on the Sino-US trade dissatisfaction. Of course, in the United States is also not a voice, some insightful people pointed out that the current U.S. political mistake that rely on trade protectionism can alleviate the financial and economic crisis, pressure to reduce the trade deficit and stimulate economic growth, it will eventually harm the U.S. economy, or even have serious consequences. Fifth, the bronze has a good state of preservation.
From the Sino-US economic and trade relations between closely related to the real world political and economic structure. In short, the price of bronze depends on many factors. The United States is the biggest beneficiaries of the current international economic order, and the need to maintain the existing international economic order, China as an emerging market economy countries, the voice of the international economic order and constantly enhance the two countries to seek new economic and trade relations between the actual on the maintenance and proper adjustment of the international economic order. Therefore, in a sense, the Sino-US economic and trade relations play an important role in the maintenance and stability of the global economic order.
The potential pitfalls of today's world, the continued growth of the global economy is still serious economic imbalances, imbalance of focus on the body surface in two aspects: the first part of the US-led developed countries to maintain a high level of trade deficit to other countries. such a high trade deficit has brought high-risk in the international balance of payments; To compensate for the trade deficit, the United States and other developed countries in the world to attract a lot of money, the double deficit in the trade and financial constitute today the basic pattern of world economic imbalances. Museums and galleries around the world, without exceptions, take the collection of Chinese bronze as a significant vessel.
 The global economic imbalances, the Sino-US economic and trade relations the focus of one of the topics can not be ruled out many other issues is thus extended from. In fact, the Sino-US economic and trade issues fundamental global imbalances, both from the pattern of world economic growth, changes in trade patterns, but also from the trade imbalance between China and the United States in the short term as well as the United States, China's economy structural imbalance. The culture and art of antique Chinese bronze should be represented by ones in the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Sino-US economic imbalance is not a single isolated phenomenon, but rather through the bronze trade and international capital flows between the United States and the East Asian region of China where economic imbalances, which is trans-Pacific economic imbalances, which is the world's outstanding performance of the economic imbalances.
Therefore, the Sino-US economic and trade dialogue to address these issues from a macro and strategic perspective, not only to solve Sino-US economic and trade friction, positive and far-reaching impact on the balanced development of the global economy, economic stability and security. Sino-US relations have gone beyond the scope of bilateral relations, more and more global influence and strategic significance, to face the challenges of the traditional and non-traditional security threats, China and the United States has a wide range of important common strategic interests. When exactly the bronze sculpture came into being has no accurate proof. At the same time, the dialogu

A strong expression of this traditional sculpture techniques

In the plastic arts, the lines of the same factors that embodies the aesthetic characteristics of the Chinese nation. Carved by the ancient Chinese bronze form is almost a line shape to show it looming throughout the body surface of the bronze sculpture, and become one of the main features of Chinese bronze sculpture the shape of the line configuration, with the Western tradition of bronze sculpture shape The shape is significantly different. bronze in early Shang directly carried forward several features of Erlitou culture. The Qin and Han tomb bronze sculpture, whether in person or animal shape, are the line and three-dimensional synthesis. Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses of details, including hair, armor, drapery and even the soles on which lines decorated bar-lined, all reflect a Chinese-style linear applications. Han from the use of lines is given a unique ethnological features of China's bronze sculpture, so it was the way of Chinese traditional bronze sculpture be summed up as "Line Painting", "body-care line" "line and would only use".
 Because most emotional line in the modeling language and abstraction power, Huo Ling carved works are used the China Qin Hanqing bronze flourished reason of sculpture in the round, relief and line engraved on the combination of tactics to the development of the performance of lines in the stone charm. Example 'Fuhu "bronze sculpture at home only in a long strip of stone engraved with chisel a few arc groove, put Tiger whole body markings and the mouth of the wholesale hair faithfully apparent, it seems to make people truly experience the ups and downs of the Tiger heavy breathing and muscle. Inscriptions on bronze began to turn up during this period.  Other works such as "savages hold Bear, 'Prancing Horse", <lying like ", etc., are features integrated into the overall general and local bas-relief carved lines, primary and secondary strength of merging was not to be confused with , showing a strong expression of this traditional sculpture techniques.
Another portrait of stone and brick of the Han Dynasty, the engraved lines combined with relief, drawing lines with the realism theme, the integrated use of image graphics combine to make the art form that highlights the characteristics of Chinese nationalization. The bronze full of patterns are very popular. Chinese Qin Hanqing bronze freehand, the linear structure in the grasp of the big space and space of China's ancient bronze sculpture adds a new Means "to form a unique style of the national cultural landscape, and also laid a solid foundation for the Chinese ancient bronze sculpture from the Qin and Han dynasties began to successfully establish a traditional style and mature flourished. I wander in these works, I will find themselves in the nationalization unique insights, suddenly produced a sculpture space and traditional manifestations.
 Bronze Sculpture popular for its flourishing laid the technical basis Guo once said, old so-called "music", in addition to music, poetry, dance, painting, Carve, construction, and even ceremonial, hunting, Yaozhuan, can make senses something, but it no doubt is music as represented by the bronze sculpture art production with quite a lot of manual labor component, is the so-called "Auntie who rule, labor governed" society despise manual labor long, the upper class intellectuals generally disdain to meddle in the bronze sculpture, a bronze sculpture creators of history, almost all of the low social status of craftsmen. Most of the bronze sculpture will employ the yunlei wen(clouds and thunders) as the ground-tint to fill the space outside of the motif pattern.

The aroma of wine will be able to direct upward flowing out

Bronze glass selection to choose a bronze glass, they will not consider the type of wine, first we need to observe the production of materials of bronze glass, make sure the material is pure and transparent. Colored or condensation of the material will not serve drinks the color of the full show, but by the color of wine, we can determine the year of the wine, the selection of grapes. Crystal bronze glass, unless its quality is very good, also distorted some of the information of the wine, only experienced drinkers to distinguish drawn. Second, choose bronze glass, be sure to select the cup body is large enough. The taotie pattern of the bronze varies from the nose and horn to mouth. Cup body size is large enough in order to pour the appropriate amount of alcohol and also leave enough space to shake the wine, so that the aroma of the wine to evaporate. The shape of the cup body is also very important, close to the cup to gradually narrowing while the bottom of the cup is wide enough, after shaking, the aroma of wine will be able to direct upward flowing out.
 The aroma of wine because of the shape of the cup body to produce subtle changes. For wine, the cup body can ensure that the cup of wine and a large enough room to breathe and play to their strong aroma. For the more delicate white grape bronze glass, the smaller the cup body will focus on the wine aroma. Slender cup handle grip is not only convenient, but also can prevent the temperature sense of the hand passed to the cup of wine, so as to guarantee cold wine flavor. For sparkling wine and champagne flute-shaped bronze wine make wine constantly bubbling and to extend the time of the bubbles in the cup. Judging from the different shapes of the horn and ears, he can deduce that this bronze belongs to Hand Dynasty. For us, the following tips apply: wine - the bigger the cup body can make a cup of wine to breathe - the more you like your wine, your cup can choose the greater.
White wine and rose wine - because the smaller the cup body, put the wine less cold, in order to ensure the wine's flavor is usually the case, this bronze glass will be higher - at least I like this. Sparkling wine and champagne flutes - whistle-shaped cup body can make a cup of bubble retained for a longer period. We can recognize that the prototype of the bronze is the animals like cattle, sheep, tiger and others. The most important point is: whether it is white grape bronze wine or grape bronze glass, bronze glass must have a cup handle. A long enough cup handle, bronze glass, people greasy fingers will touch the cup body, which will confuse the observed degree of the color of wine. A high quality bronze glass should have the main points: the size (the proportion of moderate and there is enough space to shake wine but does not overflow), texture (pure and transparent is the most basic - Crystal bronze glass is better), cup handle (long enough to avoid hand to touch the cup body).
It is also cup-shaped, cup belly is wide enough so that the wine aroma and air blend fully and thus to increase the aroma of the wine, Beibi to try to narrow, thus can focus on to the nose, the aroma of the wine. Bronze glass types the majority of drinkers will agree with this argument: the specific requirements of the different wine bronze glass. The most basic, we can think of champagne, sparkling wine, the selection of the above-mentioned three (flute-shaped glass body), wine (bronze glass cup body requires more), white wine (cup body requires smaller). The recommended initial drinkers (flute-shaped glass body), wine (bronze sculpture glass cup body requires a little bigger), white wine (cup body requires smaller). The bronze are the chief sacrifices in the ritual ceremonies.

the bronze with inscriptions and patterns are thicker than the others

Try to take double-sided welding, such as special circumstances can not be double-sided welding, the single-sided welding. The length of lap-sided welding ≥ 5D, single-sided welding ≥ 10D. Lap welding, the welding end steel pre-bent, and the axis of the two reinforced along the same line. Prior to welding the two fixed positioning weld lap end distance ≥ 20MM. Weld thickness not less than 0.3 times the reinforcement diameter; weld width of not less than 0.7 times the reinforcement diameter. If placed this bronze to the sunshine or other light sources, you will see the decorations clearly. Slag, welding arc joint basis of visual observation or measurement, visual inspection requirements: the weld surface should be smooth, no dents or welding; welded joint area shall be no crack; bending of the joints is not 40; reinforced axis offset greater than 0.1D, and not more than 3MM; welding thickness deviation is less than a +0.05 D-0MM; weld width deviation not greater than +0.1 D-0MM.
 Weld length deviation is less than-0.5D; horizontal undercut depth is not more than 0.5MM, long 2D weld surface pores and residue is more than 2, each area of not more than 6MM. Reinforced after banding, timely inspection and acceptance. Check the reinforcement model based on design drawings, the diameter of the root of the number, spacing, shape, size is correct, check the position of negative reinforcement, reinforced hook toward correct. Check the location and length of lap of the reinforced joints, anchorage length of compliance. Check the protective layer of concrete to meet the requirements. On the wall opposite to the mirror would reflect the patterns on the back of the bronze. Check the steel banding is solid, with or without loosening. Banding missing buckles, loose buckle does not exceed 10% of the debit should be tied, and should not be concentrated. Steel surface with or without grease, granular (Flake) rust. Reinforced installation tolerances and testing methods such as
Plastering engineering bronzes, in the structure or quality inspection and process handover. Meet the type of work item must be checked to ensure that the key to the plastering project quality and production schedule. Respond to the following items before the plaster to be checked: the main structure and hydropower equipment embedded parts are complete and solid, a variety of embedded iron, wood brick location elevation is correct. After serious study and research, they are sure it is a bronze of Shang Dynasty. Should be based on the specific circumstances before the plaster on the surface of the substrate necessary to deal with the application of scaffold eye, a variety of pipeline crossing over the hole in the wall and floor holes, tick ducts 1:3 cement mortar to fill embedded dense or blocked Qi Hao.
Substrate surface dust, dirt, grease, alkali membrane, asphalt stains, adhesive mortar should be cleaned and sprayed with water to wet. Watering Run wall: In order to ensure the plastering mortar with the substrate surface firmly bonded to prevent the hollowing of the plaster layer, cracks, loss and other quality defects in the plaster before, in addition to processing the surface of the plaster matrix, but also to deal with wall watering moist. Experts believed that the bronze with inscriptions and patterns are thicker than the others. A stone varieties, specifications, quality should be consistent with the design and bronze sculpture specifications. cement the: P.032.5 ordinary portland cement or white cement. Stone approach should stack on the interior, Celi stacked underneath and skids side. Check varieties, specifications, quantity, quality, compliance with design requirements.

bronze in Xia has already made a leap in technology

It has its own specific role, but it ignores the two sides of the wine only to see the harm side of wine disaster and wine do not see the other side of the liquor power and liquor profits and also ignore the reality of the broad mass of the wine behavior and a long heritage history to not work so I finally ended not only Prohibition simply does not work the simple controls on the wine (such as the implementation of alcohol specifically 60 Battalion limited supply and are often not effective implementation of the last to nothing on the national or regional survey data show that after the liberation of implementation of national equality the development of production the people's income increase in the wine is cheaper but not a fundamental solution to these national or regional. bronze in Xia has already made a leap in technology.
Bronze of the Ewenki Hunters contrary more serious which is why fundamental bronze is not a level of productivity low and poverty but a culture and ideas to prohibit and control measures must address the issues of culture and ideas on the basis can be effective simply temperance and foreign or simple facts will not work on control of the wine seeking to put an end to wine the way of evil can not only from vertical thinking to fight directly with the wine starting to consider also in various aspects, from the perspective of lateral thinking to thinking about other viable option the Monopolizing wine and the tax wine in the history of our country, mainly from the economic the perspective of two of the regulation of behavior of people wine policy the Monopolizing wine by official brewing monopoly on civil stuffed Ban Gu section of the control type and profitable type of two pre-control. The sacrificial bronze are the main symbols in the Bronze Age.
 There is a certain drink saving food to put an end to the profit of the role of wine curse late type were developed to encourage stuffed to sell more, and drink by the official specializing in liquor profits in real terms the policy of a government-commerce in-one combination of power and money not only contributed to the wind malpractice corrupt bureaucratic corruption and patents easier to competition supervision wine production levels would continue to decline in low-quality wine market is flooded to the health of the people has brought great harm to the brewing rights and the right to operate is designed official Monopolizing wine contrary to non-specifically in the official allows civil stuffed Gu official just tax liquor tax see wine is to adapt a policy of progressive significance of the social development of productive forces in increasing state revenue sometimes also work in a prohibitive tax. The discovery of the sacrificial bronze in the Erlitou culture states clearly that the history has entered into the Bronze Age.
The Monopolizing wine tax wine has led to only focus on the economic interests of the ills in the interests of the drive may also result in inadequate control or any proliferation of wine tax wine should be as an economic policy rather than of wine behavior control policies restricting wine brewing Gu drink must also have a series of measures will be a prohibitive tax as an auxiliary means used in the practice of long-term brewing Gu drink the accumulation of the summary and the development of a positive and healthy wine culture results in a comprehensive and systematic summary and promote the wine behavior of these positive outcomes for people fundamental way to play a guiding and restricting the role of regulation of the wine disaster may lie in the positive results of the wine culture for the regulation of liquor acts on one hand. Ding, first appeared in Xia was originally a bronze sculpture setting on column-shaped feet.

The bronze in the capital to represent the whole nation

Hangzhou, Zhejiang Yue Fei, Nanjing Ming Xiaoling Shinto bronze of Health and the Ming Tombs the Shinto bronze raw with the "underground palace" bronze engraved, Hebei zunhua Eastern Qing Tombs cemetery and the Yixian Qingxiling bronze raw bronze engraved, as well as in Qufu, Shandong Jin Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty Kong Ling bronze raw bronze engraved and modern Nanjing Sun Yat-sen bronze engraved and so on. He asked to build nine bronze. The bronze sculpture, bronze engraved are the national key cultural relics protection, Dali bronze sculpture, mostly. If located in the Eastern Qing Tombs, Hebei Zunhua County malanyu Yuling bronze Health, Nanjing Ming Xiaoling bronze road.
  Palaces, mansions and gardens bronze sculpture. In the ancient royal and royal palaces, official, house and garden, bronze sculpture, bronze engraved decoration everywhere, ancient buildings are very large and spectacular, exquisite carving techniques, is a huge treasure trove of Chinese culture and the arts and the national key cultural relics protection. Among them, the well-known of these bronze sculpture, such as Tang Daming Palace bronze engraved Confucian bronze engraved in the Jin Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Forbidden City, Beihai Park City, the Potala Palace, the Shenyang Imperial Palace, Summer Palace, Mountain Resort Prince Gong's Palace Garden and the Summer Palace bronze engravings. Then they placed the bronze in the capital to represent the whole nation.
The majority of such architectural bronze sculpture bronze column, base bar carved Diao most features, such as bronze dials dragon pillars, the Forbidden City, bronze dragon Okimichi such as construction, and more generally to Dali bronze carving. Beijing Summer Palace ruins, the remnants of water law bronze sculpture, bronze fairy Cheng Luqing. Therefrom, the later generations often borrowed the “inquiring the bronze” to imply the establishment of the regime. A very wide distribution, temples, the Temple, Jing Zhuang altar bronze sculpture of such bronze carved in China, the number of long history, the famous bronze sculpture, bronze engraved artwork a lot. Tang Dynasty actual Sutra Pillar Temple in white marble and Huaqing Guan within Lao Jundian white marble bronze engraved made like the moment.
The Tang Dynasty to the Five Dynasties period Chong Sheng Temple, Dali bronze, engraved The Jinci bronze in the Song, Jin Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty Confucian temple bronze engraved, Southern Song dynasty Suzhou Confucian Temple engraved bronze, Yuan and Ming Dynasties the Guangsheng Dali bronze sculpture, Ming Dynasty Temple of Heaven bronze engraved bronze engraved and Temple of Marquis Wu in the Qing Dynasty Lama Temple (dedicated Royal largest Lama temple) bronze engraved, the Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty Kaiyuan Temple bronze engraved and Dai Temple bronze engraved and Foshan ancestral temple bronze engraved bronze sculpture, bronze engraved including the bronze columns, foundation, columns, and shrines and other bronze sculpture products such as the four Jingang Qing bronze products. The nine bronze were looking upon as the national treasures.
Chinese bronze bridge-building has a long history, many of which are representative of the bridge construction history of the monument in the history plays an important role in the international bridge. Decorated bronze bridge construction, the application of bronze sculpture art is very popular since ancient times has. Linying County, Henan Province, small business bridge, built in the Sui Dynasty (AD 584), slightly earlier than the famous Hebei Zhaozhou Anji bronze bridge, though a thousand years of ups and downs, but the bridge deck and objects carved The work is clever, there has been no distortion, well-preserved. This bronze was handed down from generation to generation. Absorbent animal bronze sculpture of the middle of the bridge from the main hole, the pier top-level bronze sculpture Hercules carved arches carved on the "Pegasus riding cloud", the connection between the bridge from the main hole with abdominal holes at the sculpture of leading it is rare in China.

A symbol of broadmindedness of the Han culture of inclusiveness Vientiane

Confucianism from the first once formed the concept of the Chinese nation and ancient cultural concept of integration has been carried out, but never out as the core of Confucianism. Nanjing University professor of Chinese literature Hsu Hsing empire rise and fall of Revelation ":" As a completely by Chinese civilization gave birth to the great dynasty, the Han Empire on a deeper level than the Tang Empire in the affected since two thousand years of Chinese history. “Mu Wu” is the posthumous title of the bronze of the King of Shang.  "A strong culture of the Qin and Han finally gave birth to a stunning bronze sculpture art, the Huo tomb sculpture that is one of hope on behalf of Taoism culture and Legalism enterprising spirit of innovation and integration, making these works of the vast, vast, calm, heavy, a symbol of broadmindedness of the Han culture of inclusiveness Vientiane.
 Lu Xun dynasties carved over the concept of evaluation, "but the Han Chinese stone carvings, the daring, deep male", a "but", points to the Han Dynasty bronze sculpture of historical height. achieve the same with this. This bronze was cast by the Emperor Wending to offer sacrifices to his mother. It is wonderful that, 2,000 years ago in the Qin and Han sculptor and bronze sculpture at home again in hand. Xi'an Academy of Fine Arts bronze sculpture home Xing Yongchuan Mr. creation <General Yang Hucheng, "was absorbed Fok Ling stone image of style, shape simple and pure, lower extremity openwork handle, seamless, and the base to cause a steady and strong sense of building the famous bronze sculpture home of Mr. Qian Shaowu in the creation of large-scale sculptures work, "Li Dazhao.
It is natural to think of the Han Wei tradition, ie more than a round, only to highlight the nature of shape, so that works to show significant open, heavy, clumsy, big style of the Han Dynasty. the Qin Hanqing bronze sculpture of the arts is one of the later generations, including modern and contemporary has been draw and draw high treasure house of the rise of the phenomenon of the Chinese Qin Hanqing bronze study, from the perspective of the inheritance and innovation of sculpture, with a certain amount of academic significance. In the current state of the culture, situation and trend of Chinese Bronze Sculpture is a topic worth considering. Chinese art has been a Western trend is the tendency of Western contemporary art trends as a reference. Hou here manifests the identity of owner of the bronze that she is the Queen of the King of Shang.
People to copper bronze sculpture Chinese Qin Hanqing bronze the flourished reason of already grown accustomed to examine our own ancient civilization with Western values, praised China's outstanding Buddhist murals describe it as a Oriental Mona car Shakespeare, known as the weed of the Tang Dynasty Buddha residual footer. Oriental Venus ", as if all Chinese civilization only in the recognition of foreigners before be called civilization. Besides, a new version states that the bronze actually doesn’t refer to the mother of the Emperor Wending. In such an environment, the more necessary to establish our own national discourse coordinates bronze sculpture national characteristics into the world, the need bearer in the personality and unique outlook on the basis of how contemporary culture gene found in the culture of the rich traditions of China's Qin and Han bronze sculpture, carved a strong attack.

This bronze sculpture immediately became the focus of audience

About the moral, have been inconclusive. nude sculpture from every era of primitive society before the Han Dynasty are found, such as pottery Qinghai Liu Bay unearthed the gender body portrait, 1982 Hongshan culture Dongshanzui unearthed pottery like pregnant women naked partner in the Shang Dynasty unearthed in Yin Ruins, naked stone man nude sculpture in the Western Zhou Dynasty unearthed from Anhui Tunxi four bronze maid, prominent breasts, relatively bloated body found in Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 306 tomb of the Warring States Period six nude sculptures, including two sudden milk for the bare-chested women, and the remaining four, but no woman in me, perhaps for the men during the Qin Dynasty in Zhejiang Wuxing Di River unearthed a bronze pier, half kneeling to the naked image, naked sculpture generally does not show the person's sexual organs. March 20, 2007, in the Auction of Chinese Ceramics and Crafts in New York’s Sotheb, a rare bronze showed up.
 Han Dynasty, the sculpture into a peak period, nude sculpture most of the figurines on the large-scale bronze nudes recorded yet found. Therefore, analysis of the nude sculpture of the Han Dynasty to the performance of the type of character? representative of what capacity? can help us speculate Pilu Temple the stone Wengzhong symbol meaning. A piece of Chinese wine bronze of the Shang Dynasty shocked the world. Yin and Zhou Dynasties period jade or bronze nude portraits, most of the modeling was the identity of inferior the portrayal of the slave. nude jade bronzes unearthed in the tomb of Fu Hao Yin Ruins like are sitting, his hands Zhu knee, looked straight ahead and concentrate, like waiting for the master sent the image and dynamic sluggish, dull, lifeless, there are some humanoid accessories, flat piece of jade carved a nude woman's face, the image should also be slaves.
 Zhou Dynasty, bronze, often appear the image of the naked slaves naked slaves in the image of jade. These images are feeling depressed, dull, lack of beauty of the Qin and Han Dynasty, a slave society to feudal society, the social legacy of slavery still remains, unearthed in the nude image, such as the Jinning unearthed the hanging copper spear, on both sides of the spear page hanging tied to an anti-tying hands nude portraits is also a slave image naked image appears in the Han Dynasty sculpture, mostly figurines or copper commission, whose identity is the low status of manual labor or play music artist. ancient traditions focus on etiquette, dress and have a strict hierarchy is an important part of the ritual. This square bronze with owl patterns was offered by the Buffalo Museum of United States.
 Chen Ping, from the way defected to Liu Bang, Xiang Yu camp, in order to survive, was compelled to Master of Fine Arts degree thesis stripped clothes to help the boatman punting. Xiao Wang refused to bare Huo Guang Menli Search] which shows that public nudity should be a low status in order to maintain face, respectable people are not exposed body j Han Dynasty unearthed , there are many of the portraits of masonry portrayed bare body is engaged in heavy labor, sowing, harvest, cook the salt and other scenes of labor such as the bricks of the Han Dynasty Unearthed in Sichuan nudity, only Jian Dubi pants stab the image of the boat and fishing the river is often Shandong unearthed stone reliefs. i naked state workers unearthed in early Western Han Dynasty, Xianyang, Shaanxi Han Emperor Ling painting naked men stand figurines, male figurines slender body, j foot arm. bare body and arm, shoulder junction has a hole (Figure 8). This bronze sculpture immediately became the focus of audience.

This symmetry on the other bronze in the same tomb also in symmetry shape

Savage hold Bear Bronze greater freedom for creative that line engraved art is really regrettable that Crouching Tiger, who has been free technical command performance, but it is only random hook which in the similar feast matter basis Imagine such as the the Tiao tiger stripes with natural longitudinal growth lines sideways carving out Jian will (Fuhu what kind of f, not want to profit This is certainly not the tiger's stripes. Gradually the bronze fell back to ceremonial purposes.  Another example is the bronze lines are with Jian distinguish facial features, hands and other specific shape caused by the peripheral outline of the stone performance in order to diffuse Li-like shape and big eyes, the collapse Biliang, mouth, and a huge head and one to take too hand, but Shiren around with the eyes, nose and f, including the first type, in the human body towel axis k symmetrical.
 This symmetry can find horse riding Huns, Crouching Tiger, wau, wild boar and other stone body Savage drag bear bronze in addition to shape faithfully the shape of small performance Mongolia, form and shape of the boundary is vague, the Savage distort Biliang from the front to see but also to find, but from another angle, Shun beam into the eyes, staffing in the swing lines formed range. going up going down this arbitrariness does not seem to consider the existence of the boundary is to hand from clutching Winnie orientation extends to the bear behind and go just had to add a bit wild, and the small will never undermine the integrity of the image. Savage hold Bear bronze silhouette style to avoid the type of features that the contour along the physical boundary swimming close to the original stone surface of the image of the face look like scissors cutting thicker paste in the stone surface. From the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the bronze can be used both as weapons and ritual device.
Very flat decorative effects (stone man) savages hold Bear bronze art style to explore the realism portrayed on: Savage hold Bear Bronze after all the early-shaped bronze realist sculpture model. "Savage is an exaggeration shape, a disproportionate share of head and hand to strengthen the role of the performance of the Italian way with accurate line engraved distinction clear, but the Savage tension force of muscle shape Chu clearly bears portrayed follow the principle of truthfulness. Later on, the bronze evolved into a symbol of power.  Winnie the proportion of true legs kicking, stepping on the force outside of the human body, trying to escape from Savage's detention, and Savage's big hands tightly locked Bear from the front, so that force of two shares, one from outside to inside, one from the inside out, forced arch, the Cubs back to a full draw string bow at any time necessary to injection fled from the bear's back down to the heel, although it's right foot suppress their bodies, but through the perspective of compression is comfortable.
Winnie the proportion of the left leg coordination, thighs, calves, toes real discernible bear the shape of flowing lines, with the same realism wau, lying horse shape compared to the author more freedom on the emotional play, engraving style to a more agile Winnie the shape of symmetrical axis along its spine. Each time a king or emperor went out for a battle, he would often take a bronze with him. This symmetry on the other bronze in the same tomb also in symmetry shape : horse riding Hun bronze sculpture horse image to Ma Tau centers along the spine to the tail axis strictly symmetrical limbs cautiously left and right sides of the horse standing, and maintenance of the monument to the shape of majesty. Huns image of the same along impartial about axis of symmetry, only in different postures on the right hand and left hand, to make people aware that this is a vivid scenes of life.

The decoration of the bronze sculpture was characteristic of the late Zhou period

Obedience bronze t stone, stone t Yee Jin tomb of U God was a symbol of Chi ghost to ward off evil, foot cemetery 'retaining green beast Kish foot guard of God and the people who tI guard Xiao Department while the cis Mausoleum of the N group, bronze animal species ': the animal on the basis of increase in the pommel horse' Xu leather animal itself also Shan Tian Lu evil spirits into the Sky Bow they have become for Ling main soul to do the ceremonial driven servants. animals face a fervent expectation respectfully await sense. action on behalf of the swimming visits Piedmont into a sit-in I take orders from (mH3 12). Each of the bronze is supported on three legs. difficult to pronounce, j Shaw, two Persons the artistic relics of the Han, Tang overall distribution of the Han Dynasty tomb remains widely distributed, the Western Han the built house Mausoleum set of towels distribution in alkali Yang highland 'bared the Eastern Han Dynasty Mausoleum of Changan set of towels points towel in Luoyang north along the North Mangshan.
 In addition, the Han dynasty in around also there are the princes under the tomb of the amplifier. day session Emperor of the Han family mausoleum to deposit centuries session come to an end when the hills through the former 111 system before Han imperial tombs are generally "Zhaomu'' system of burial. the so-called Zhaomu system, means:" Father Zhao, sub Mu, Sun Fu Zhao system, the basic features Zu the same column, father and son breakdown of the Han Dynasty system apparently did not perform "Zhaomu" Han Fu Emperor, founding emperor Liu Bang changlingji anchored in the Chao-bit should emperor, Emperor Zhao, Xuan, into the Mausoleum should be buried in the emperor east of the Changling, in Mu Emperor Hui, Emperor Wen, Emperor Wu, Emperor Yuan, Ai, flat Mausoleum west of the Chang Ling Han Dynasty Mausoleum of the original Xianyang according to the actual order from east to west as follows. When placed together, the bronze will form a sphere.
 Emperor Mausoleum Gao Zu Changling, Emperor Hui anling, Ai Yi Ling, Emperor Yuan Wei Ling, Emperor Ping Kang Ling, EMPEROR Yanling, Zhao Diping Ling and Wudi Mao Mausoleum, which is obviously a far cry from the Zhaomu system (see Figure 4-1) Han Dynasty Mausoleum of the distribution diagram (hand-drawn), we can see by the picture above, the Han Dynasty emperors seem to have a sense of innovation and initiatives, where they joined forces to break the past Zhaomu system, in the Mausoleum of choice according to their own idea to arrange side more particularly to the Emperor Wu and Xuan Xuan Duling Emperor Baling away from Xianyang, and was buried in the the Duling highland in Chang'an southeast twenty miles can be described as following the Emperor after another away from the homeland move to Feng Shui on the Xianyang plateau in the north of the Tang Dynasty. The bronze usually had two loop handles on either side of the rim of each bowl.
 Chang'an already embarked on the Emperor of Han, Tang Dynasty emperors then further north to find more Reiki DragonVenture where Emperor Li Shimin, the initiator is now Shaanxi region is still spread this legend: day Taizong in Chang'an City take a distance see the mountains north of the city far away hidden see, Shou Ling, will be overjoyed to hundred years, placed here for Zhaoling. another said: Li Chunfeng and Yuan Tiangang were ordered where Taizong Shou Ling, election, the two left Chang'an, something contrary to the line a year later returned to Beijing complex aims, said buried coins in the election to a nail under the nail, after Emperor to survey found that nail just nailed the coins into the square hole, which is nine Jun (zong) Mountain Zhaoling legend apocryphal, but Shan is Mausoleum is in line with the ancient feng shui work monitoring standards. The decoration of the bronze sculpture was characteristic of the late Zhou period.