The golden age is the Chinese bronze sculpture Age

The most prominent of which Yin and Zhou Duiqing tripod attention and obsession. "Zuo Zhuan" declared three years, says: "Jie faint Germany, bronze tripod to move in the business set out in worship six one hundred; tyrannical Shang Zhou, bronze tripod to move in a Week "(" Annals of Zuo justice, "Volume II). The golden age is the Chinese bronze sculpture Age and consists of Xia, Shang, Western Zhou. Yin tribal concern from when nine bronze tripod, we can not test the details, however, from the bronze tripod moved in the business "historical records can be found in Shang Dynasty in this tribal development, has grown from nine bronze tripod like the smell of royal breath, then in the overthrow of the Xia ruled bronze tripod with royal income his arms, which is the provider Tang imagination sublime performance in the subsequent history of development, the Zhou Dynasty is clear from the Shang Dynasty of action Lingtai for Xuan Taiwan.
Tai Ping Yu Lan Volume 6777) was the concept of God determines the human events, the existence and extinction of the royal tribal honor depend on God, depending on fate, therefore, hold the royal caste, tribe, without exception, Keiji God, Chung destiny. summer, ancient tribes, the rule the era of the Central Plains is much earlier than the Zhou Dynasty, the awareness of their worship, not less in the Zhou Dynasty. Of all the bronze sculpture, sacrificial bronzes accounted for the largest number. Summer people cast nine bronze tripod for cooking cattle, sheep, dog, hog, and dedication to God to show their salute the gods of the pious. nine bronze tripod because of its usefulness and rulers especially respect and become heavy, become the artifact is closely related to the fate and status of the ruler of the Xia royal family held important ritual ceremony must use nine bronze tripod, then, nine bronze statue tripod with these rites.
The sacrifice of God with these occasions, in particular, is inspired by the same day. "Zuo Zhuan Huan 2 years of Zang sorrow Bo a saying:" King Wu grams providers, moved nine bronze Ding Yu Luo Yi "(" turn candle Tuan justice Zan five).  The bronze sculpture is produced most exquisitely and beautifully. "Historical Records? weeks of the Millennium," it reads King Wu of after destroy Zhou, adopted a series of measures: the public release of the life Zhao University of Liaoning University (Social Science Edition) Chi-tzu prisoner; life Bi public interpretation prisoner of the people, between the tolerance of the table providers; the Nangong include the scattered Lutai the fiscal life, made a huge bridge of millet to vibration the poor and the weak Meng Li, ".
" life palace include, Shi Yi Exhibition nine bronze tripod, Bao Yu "(": history i have Zan d), ordered Shang regarded as national treasures of nine chinese bronze tripod to move back to the Zhou capital city. "Historical Records? Qi great - grandfather family also has a similar record: closure than dry tomb, Jizi release prisoners moved nine bronze tripod, repair Zhou Zheng, the world Gengshi "(" Historical Records "volume i b) 2010" Cutting the Luhun the Rong, then As for the Luo, the concept of soldiers to Zhou Jiang given the king the princes full labor Chu child. At this time, as a symbol of wealth, bronze sculpturewas both the sign of social class and status. Chu son asked the size of the bronze tripod, the severity of Yan "(" Annals of Zuo justice, "Volume II). Chu Jiu Yu Jin soldiers Central Plains dominate the world.
Loyalist is the realization of this desire the best opportunity, so pleased when showing interest in the summer bronze dragon tripod and the associated political interests. "asked the bronze tripod Zhou Keyan and moved to its national treasure nine bronze tripod, also seen in" Plaza book week? g Yin Xie, "" war policy "literature. can be seen from these records of the Zhou Dynasty" Love bronze tripod complex "than the people of Yin performance more fully, more intense. The Chinese culture of bronze sculpture in the late Shang Dynasty climbed the first peak of ancient China. Yu cast nine bronze tripod, with The monarchy also has nine bronze tripod, the coveted royal rights obsessed with nine bronze tripod. dynastic change by Xiaren Yin Yin into weeks, nine bronze angel tripod accompanied with the monarchy while Yin people, into the week of the clan names of the regime changed.

The production of bronze dragon requires a lot of copper material

According to the actual situation of the parts of the province of various Bronze Museum, bronze sculpture in phases, sub-categories, sub-regional, step by step introduction of free and open to the public. First, you can gradually to the Soviet Union and by the economically developed areas in southern Jiangsu and northern Jiangsu region to expand; from the Bronze Museum at the county level gradually advancing to the municipal, provincial Museum. Judging from the large number stone model, copper slag, charcoal and furnace remains in the ruins of the Shang, these bronze sculpture are built in the locality. Third, from the Memorial Hall, the Museum of Industry bronze gradually extended to the History Bronze Museum. At the same time, the Museum of Bronze must seize the opportunities brought by the free and open, and an occasion to deepen reform, strengthen research and practice, clearly the basic principles of free and open, and constantly improve the system of free and open to pay attention to the social education, the practical implementation three close "to enhance the ability and level of service the public.
To establish an effective mechanism to improve the management level of small and medium-sized bronze Museum. Museum of Small and Medium bronze wide range of capacity, with a wide range of social impact at all levels of culture, heritage departments, from how to strengthen the management of the Bronze Museum, Bronze Museum is how to establish effective operational mechanism start to earnestly implement the relevant laws of the bronze statue Management and regulations, study and formulate the development planning and mission objectives of the local Bronze Museum, explore the bronze museum services and social development of effective measures to strengthen macro-management and operational guidance. Facts have proved that the Ganjiang that is the area of Poyang Lake has advanced metallurgy industry of chinese bronze sculpture.
Bronze Museum to carry out the reform of the internal mechanism to establish a clear target responsibility system, the development of examination and evaluation mechanism to stimulate the enthusiasm and creativity of the bronze museum workers, making bronze museum management and services have been further improved and enhanced. The production of bronze dragon requires a lot of copper material. Strengthen the cultural relics in their collection management and warehouse infrastructure, further improve the collection of cultural relics filing for the record, the day-to-day management and associated personnel leaving an inventory of the transfer of system, improve and strengthen the supervision mechanism and take preventive measures. Promote the collection of endangered heritage "rescue" the protection work, and focus on strengthening the "preventive" collection of cultural relics protection.
The effective utilization of human resources. Strengthening of human resources management, rational allocation of staff. Furthermore, the Xingan graves and bronze angel provide proof to probe into the people living there and their cultural features. Should be good to train people to discover talent, selection of personnel, can learn from the modern enterprise management experience, and scientific posts and allocation, efficiency and workload, who Shegang, by the Kong set. Establishment of an effective incentive mechanism, in accordance with the structure of knowledge, professional structure, age structure, and fully mobilize the enthusiasm of the workers, and give full play to their initiative. To ensure that the cause of Funds.

Check out the thunder patterns all over the chinese bronze sculpture

Public participation is the basis of ecological bronze sculpture. Culture is the property of the public and the public must be involved in the management by the public. Should give priority to the protection of cultural tourism and cultural preservation conflict. Quote a wonderful statement of Mr. Li Zehou to describe bronze sculpture. Cultural heritage can not be sold, but should encourage the production and traditional souvenirs. Long-term and historical planning is always the most important damage to the long-term culture of short-term economic behavior must be stopped. Protection of cultural heritage must be integrated into a comprehensive environmental protection. In this regard, the traditional craft techniques and materials is a must.
Tourists should have a moral obligation to respect by the behavior, visit the Code of Conduct should be given to the tourists. Look at famed bronze sculpture in Shang and early Zhou.  Ecological Bronze Museum no Bible, according to their own unique cultural and social situation, various ecological Bronze Museum has a different point. Bronze museum in a living community (village) the establishment of ecological, social development is a prerequisite. Without prejudice to the traditional values based on the need to improve the standard of living of the residents live here.
I will provide these principles to the General Assembly, as a tool for understanding and promoting development, not just to maintain the ecological bronze statue. We must always bear in mind that is not enough set up. Mature management and proactive economic and investment in human resources, will still come to naught, it will disappear death. Check out the thunder patterns all over the chinese bronze sculpture, the kui dragon and kui phoenix intertwined taotie design.
In April 2001, the Mr. Jester Long, untimely death. With this project is a great loss. The four villages are Mr. Jester Long, planted a memorial tree, he set a stone monument. In 2000, me and him, and his wife, traveling with his great personality in the travel, in case there is no verbal communication, and the villagers to maintain good communication. His body language and gestures can make many friends. In March 1999, following the Minister's visit to Guizhou, I heard many people talking about the the Jester dragon spirit ". The beauty of the bronze dragon does not rely on the vigorous lines of the image rather than the high-relief decorations express an infinite primitive emotion.
Since this experience, I have this project with a deeper understanding of the Chinese side asked me to instead of Jester Dragon to do this technical adviser. From the point of artistic style, the ritual bronze sculpture represented by ding is kind of beauty consisted of the art characteristics. Although I am not the Bronze Museum scientist, but I am engaged in the protection of cultural heritage. Protection of buildings is a very important part at this stage. In September 2002 and February 2004, I inspected the progress of the project, and discussed with relevant parties. Here, I talk about the previous four ecological bronze angel of thinking, I want to make some basic explanation.

Why did Zuo give the chinese bronze to Pan on earth

Innovation on the "characteristics" or "invested" selfless, whether it is a breakthrough in the "exchange" or "survival" on the meaning behind this series of bronze sculpture worthy of the people to cherish and mining. Bronze Museum are not historical or natural remains matter accumulation place of the modern sense, but should be a deep heritage of social and cultural institutions. Regardless of the builders who, Bronze Museum undertake a survival of the historical and cultural heritage of social responsibility. Rather than keep it himself to show his loyalty, he sold this particular bronze sculpture. Under the collection, protection, management and display the history of the original fracture fragments may Lianzhui Cheng a complete history of the chain, and thus gave rise to endless insights and inspiration. Before in time, everyone is passing, bronze Museum is passing the fragments collected, to restore the truth, recall to those who warned the newcomers. In this sense, the Bronze Museum are both old friends the story was born, and also this thing of today and the future. Social responsibility is the life of the Bronze Museum.
Bronze Museum Tucked away in the memory, but it should not be silent for the elderly. When the audience came to the Bronze Museum, should not they see is a list of still life, but should be a section of vivid stories behind the truth. Bronze Museum and the audience as an "open system", there should be exchange, the audience doubts, resentment, surprise, all the reactions, adjust and improve the grounds are Bronze Museum. An old, rigid form of bronze statue, after all, people snub demise. However, Zuo did not store the bronze sculpture up but transferred it to Pan Zuyin.  Thus, full of vitality and Bronze Museum are often both the cabinets of the people's memory is a node of the people in real life.
The annual Chinese New Year I have to write something, write down my hope. This year, I wrote the subject of the social responsibility of the Bronze Museum is entrusted with my expectations. Why say bronze museum of social responsibility topics, bronze museum of social responsibility is increasingly indifferent to the utilitarian sense of the increasingly strong. Of course, this is not the Bronze Museum unique phenomenon in a market economy, cultural sense of responsibility is generally ignored. Why did Zuo give the chinese bronze to Pan on earth? Not long ago, eight writers, literary critic discussions technology era literature, they exclaimed pragmatism values the impact of the technology era with the creation of serious literature marginalized in literature as a whole, appeal to the literary value of the regression.
 Jia Leilei art critic in the "entertainment to faint," the article explains the (U.S.) Neil Postman book "entertainment to death," a book of the subject, pointed out that the endless entertainment and entertainment without borders, we will lose the meaning of life and value. This is a Chinese cultural calling the sound of the value of rational, people are worried about the instrumental rationality over-expansion of the culture to faint. Zuo had not forgotten Pan’s help when in trouble and knew his favorite hobby was to collect the relics of metal and bronze dragon. Bronze Museum of what? International bronzes in the museum world as early as the sixties and seventies of the last century, in France, appeared in some people shout the social responsibility of the Bronze Museum, to arouse the purpose of discussion of Bronze Museum, which is later formed a pioneer in ecological bronze, museums, sports and new bronze angel museology movement.

Two of chinese bronze sculpture are 80 cm long

In November 1949, the Henan Provincial Government, the appointment of provincial education department director is born part-time curator, began to organize staff, organize artifacts, galleries, and improvement of premises, facilities, business activities, bronze sculpture Museum is once again the vitality, flourish. November 6, 2001, three farmers in Wei Village, Kongtian Town of Anyuan County excavated three pieces of bronze sculpture 80cm to the surface. 1953, according to the central Ministry of Culture issued the policy of the local Bronze Museum, the views of the task, the nature and direction of development ", Bronze Museum of Henan Province is identified as the topography museum. 1961, Henan Province, Bronze Museum moved from Kaifeng to Zhengzhou, capital of, with a better display and exhibition venues. 1966 to 1976, Bronze Museum organization paralyzed, business waste.
After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Henan Province, bronze Museum is getting better, and has entered a new historical period of development. Though the bronze sculpture has been buried underground for ages, yet these three swords have not been badly corroded.  1980s, bronze museum force has grown, institutional settings become more reasonable, set up a display of the Ministry of custody of the Department of the Ministry of Education, library, research department, editorial department of the Cultural Relics of Central Office, OK Control Section, Security Section and other departments, to establish a sound system of personal responsibility and the rules and regulations, bronze statue Museum showing a thriving new scene.
In the fall of 1991, according to the instructions of Comrade Li Ruihuan, the former Provincial Party Secretary Hou, Li Changchun, former governor of the leading comrades actively seek, the State Council decided by the State and Henan joint investment to build new premises. In July 1997, the Henan provincial government decided that the merger of the Central Plains carved stone Museum of Art and Bronze Museum of Henan Province, the establishment of Henan Bronze Museum. "Light of Henan Ancient Culture Henan Bronze Museum is the most important large-scale basic display. Two of chinese bronze sculpture are 80 cm long and shaped in oblique width and thick. The exhibition is located in the main exhibition hall, two-story eight exhibition room, the data show that the display of the total area of 3200 square meters.
The exhibition is organized by the Office of the sequence, "the dawn of civilization," three generations of brilliant "and" inclusive "Shengshi Rong Hua", "corner of the bright" and the audience participation part, a collection of exquisite cultural relics unearthed in Henan about 2000, according to the context of the historical development of , showing the ancient culture in Henan, the most prominent scientific and technological achievements. In the handle of the bronze dragon have two round hoops which are wrapped with silk and easy to grip. The main exhibition hall three west side of the hall, six thematic exhibition of cultural relics, namely Henan Ancient Jade Museum "Chu Bronze Museum of Art," "the Ming and Qing craft treasures Museum" heaven and earth latitude and longitude - the seismograph and stargazing Henan Ancient stone Museum of Art.
The Pride of China Pavilion ". Exhibition Henan dynasties jade, Henan Xichuan Chu cemetery, bronzes, collection of stone carvings, antiques, 2011.04.02 category open to the audience. "Heaven and earth latitude and longitude" exhibition to the audience from the perspective of ancient astronomy, ancient history of science, science education, for participation in a variety of models and instruments. There are also traces left on blade and the body of the bronze angel when fighting.  The shock will make the audience of the glorious achievements of the Central Plains ancient civilization in spirit and soul. Precious hospital Tibet lotus crane square pot Spring and Autumn.

There are just one or two words on the bronze angel

Always in the forefront of the New York metropolitan bronze sculpture Museum. Pu moderate language in West Italy, Britain, France and Japan and Russia in the lobby information desk to provide navigation data, all obtained free of charge. The bronze sculpture is a good reference for decorative arts of today as well. Curator recommend the audio guide, the curator himself in four languages to explain 54 of his favorite collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art Bronze (exhibits). September each year to next June, organized by domestic and foreign famous musicians played a series of concerts and Bronze Museum competent and well-known expert speakers, art, architecture, music, heritage lecture series.
The showroom display and exhibits allow visitors to take personal photos without a flash and a tripod. Metropolitan bronze Museum shops, more than 5000 square meters of business hall in the museum, set up sales points in some of the big shopping malls in New York and other cities. Last year, I worked at the Metropolitan Museum of bronze for a few days, in their spare time, almost every day to go there. An outstanding feature of the Chinese bronze sculpture is the characters engraved on them.  Printed postcards of the Song Dynasty calligraphy of Mi Fu, a $ 1 to $ 400 a Van Gogh or Monet oil painting reproductions ... sales book more than 6000 kinds of store sales of goods of nearly 20,000 kinds.
January 5, 2011, the New York Metropolitan Museum of bronze statue launched on its website "Contact", "close contact" to invite hundreds of millions of users and bronze museum staff. In March, Curator Thomas - Campbell (Thomas Campbell), high-profile announcement, Metropolitan will be the collection of each piece on deposited in the network database, and then create a coverage of the museum's entire Wi-Fi system, so that visitors can the iPhone or iPad to read all the information. We commonly refer the words carved on the bronze sculpture as inscription.
      In the UK, Bronze Museum chinese bronze in the museum world generally recognized as the importance of lifelong education establishments. For the deaf sign language to explain, visualize the description of explanation, for the blind and visually impaired and large print guidebook and materials. Have a special family activity days in a month, parents accompany the children together to the Bronze Museum visit, to participate in various educational activities, on the one hand, the establishment of a close parent-child relationship, the other hand, parents and children the opportunity to learn the Bronze Museum. The inscriptions caved on the bronze dragon started from the middle Shang.
      The small country also have their own practice. Syrian National Bronze Museum gives the most profound memories is the open-air show. Most of the different from the traditional bronze museum, exhibition hall, windows, Bronze Museum are Square, Square, a fountain, trees, and planning over the sides of the road configuration Greece era, a variety of stone sculptures, sarcophagi and the Roman era on the road, mark stone. At the outset, there are just one or two words on the bronze angel. You were in the audience to fully appreciate from the earliest Sumerian civilization to the Greek civilization, Roman civilization, Islamic civilization of Syria's historical process.

The pattern on the bronze statue has the strongest religious flavor is taotie

Four products above himself and wife or children dressed in court dress, with hanging beads, which was known as the text of five, Wu. wear what the texture of the beads , there are strict distinction and grade requirements, from officials chest by wearing beads texture is good or bad, we can see the grade the level of the officials are usually carved with coral and Yucui and other valuable materials, while unique in the palace the emperor wearing beads East beads. They are the most fabulous decorations on the bronze sculpture. Moderator: Now you know the story of our beginning, why Liu Yong can not wear the beads of the emperor reward it. Since the beads, the emperor's East beads, then Wang hands hang with bronze beads What level of official band.
 It is understood that the beads should be 108 beads throughout from hanging on the neck, hanging in the chest. East beads, bronze toward the bead material. agate, kyanite, coral, and each plate beads with four large beads hanging in the chest called "Buddha's head, behind a sagging back cloud, moving beads on both sides, with three strings of small beads , second from left right, 10, called "pendants." beads decorations, but the general officials and the people are not at liberty to wear strict distinction and grade requirements for the beads to wear what kind of texture, but also from officials chest by wearing beads texture is good or bad, can be seen to grade the level of officials, see Wang beads products are good, and the workmanship is very fine, but also just supporting seems to be able to wear the official position should not low-ah. The pattern on the bronze statue has the strongest religious flavor is taotie.
Moderator: So Mr. Wang to take their own collections to find the identification of experts, experts obtained through the identification conclusion: what is the real old stuff, but also the grade officials, but that the five bronzes false, glass burned out posing as bronze, and glass! Mr. Wang found the problem in this string of beads to see from where Mr. Wang pointed out to us, we discovered that green place of the beads a bad place, that is, exposing the flaws. In fact, the bronze is to the late eighteenth century until successor in China, chinese bronze replaced by white jade Jade Wang and Qing Dynasty royal family's favorite is not unrelated to the Empress Dowager Cixi from the Qianlong emperor each towards the Emperor are all fond of bronze, especially Empress Dowager Cixi and her burial. The emergence of the decorations on the bronze sculpture is hard-working, simple, intelligent and wise fruit of Chinese.
 The most precious treasures to the number of bronze watermelon Qing Dynasty royal favor a direct impact on the love and collection of the future generations of people on the bronze. According to experts, bronze dragon fake as early as the late Qing Dynasty, most of the firing of glass act as bronze is a special mineral resources, all mineral resources are non-renewable, so with the recent economic development collections rise, the price of bronze in the international and domestic markets is also growing for the past 10 years, the annual growth rate of 30% is because it increase the value of the interests of drivers fake a means of also becoming more sophisticated. Moderator: You see, the late Qing Dynasty, when there is a lot of fake bronze, then now, this bronze means of fraud, must be quite more. The bronze angel the carrier of the best wishes of the people and the specific embodiment of people fighting.

The bronze musical instruments help you win the victory in the first battle

Beijing Hanhai auction auction will be introduced to the Northern Song Zhang Xian "Ten Poems map" hand-rolled in the fall of 1995 turnover of 19.8 million yuan, the China Guardian 1996 Autumn Auction will be introduced to the Fu Beauty Bank Streamer sold for 10.78 million yuan, the first times a single piece of bronze artwork turnover more than 10 million yuan mark, thus driving the Chinese bronze art auction market into a surge of development period. Placing one bronze weapons in your home, you may have instant success. The second surge of development of the Chinese bronze art auction market in 2004 and 2005. Chinese Painting and Calligraphy Bronze value, artistic value, the literature value, and therefore have a unique not only up and down a huge growth potential in the two years of the second surge of development of the Chinese figurine bronze art auction market, not only there many ultra turnover of 10 million yuan Chinese calligraphy and paintings.

Some auction again appear in the auction market, resulting in a stunning value-added speed. 27 auction house is a small length of China's development history, in which the growth, but its development is fast growing in the country, as the bronzes market the main, with the prospect of incalculable. The bronze musical instruments help you win the victory in the first battle. Can be seen from the performance of the auction, it is to adapt to market a small number of consumer groups, consumer groups of high quality, not only the high quality of the average consumer, but there are many large companies, and even museums be involved. Therefore, from the market point of view, in the specification of the bronze market, first from the auction market, shops and stall-run play a demonstration of the utility. Circle; group:; dismiss Hui-yin an established market rules without inheritance.

As mentioned earlier, the national government during the Bronze market just forming, and is subject to the Government's support and help, especially bronze market behavior through laws and regulations, norms , only depend on the government to be completed. However, the Government has not had a chance to macro-regulation. The entire body of the nude statues shapes like an elephant with abdomen large and firm.  In this case, the market only through industry self-regulation to correct the deviation. Such as the principle of good faith, the norm of the Beijing the Liulichang bronze providers in one: a uniform price mechanism. They will not be privately pricing, will not make exorbitant demands, Bronze price is random fluctuation, there are bound to allow buyers to lose confidence and lose the support of the buyers, the bronze providers out of the market, no doubt also smashed their jobs so bronze angel are the formation of a uniform price mechanism, making the bronze can be ordered in circulation.

The Liulichang bronze to unwritten ship: calligraphy and painting of bronzes sold, as long as intact, did not change the status quo, no matter how long elapsed time, as long as the buyer with the originally agreed price does not match. Xiang zun is a piece of bronze sculpture wildlife preserved in the Museum of Hunan Provincial. Based on their original unconditional return the money. In addition, the principle mode of operation, bronze providers asked pay attention to collaboration, this is also the secret of successful operation. Well-organized, they often share their collections and operating conditions between them are very familiar with. If the customer wants to buy goods store does not, is taken to wash the tattoo machine sales from other stores, but will not take the opportunity to profit.

The great support of the bronze angel auction industry

He said that this year, national bronze will summarize the basis of the experimental work of Beijing cultural relics auction subject of review, establish and improve rules and procedures, organizational expert on the country's bronze auction for universal verification, focusing on the sampling, to ensure that the bronzes auction to carry out an orderly manner in accordance with the law. This bronze weapons is composed of fine decorative moiré foil embossed with Animal Mask-style.  In addition, he also introduced a number of key national bronze last year, the Bureau auction market management of long-term mechanism for the establishment of bronze work, including in Beijing to carry out a review of the subject of bronzes auction pilot. Bronze Bureau, Local Taxation Bureau, Trade and Industry Bureau and other departments in Beijing summarizes the operating conditions of the auction industry in Beijing last year, released some statistics, but also some of the problems.

Operating conditions: Beijing new auction company 27, 57 degrees, the bronzes auction business in the existing 71 Auction enterprises to organize the auction of a total of 159 games, special 277. Total Toupai bronze art 89939 sets a big increase compared to 71,285 in 2005; total turnover of 8.108 billion yuan compared with 2005 decreased by $ 10 billion. Beijing auction market last year, performance is good, among the best in the country, but relatively low compared with previous years. The original figurine bronze is unearthed in the number one bronze kiln of Western Zhou in Fufeng County of Shaanxi Province. In each company bronze art Toupai by film, painting and calligraphy Toupai for four consecutive years in the first place to reach 44,941, accounting for 49.6% of the total of the auction, which is now the contemporary paintings Toupai continuous increments, the price is soaring.

At the same time, the total Toupai of bronze and bronze monitoring products for three consecutive years of decline, nearly 90,000 Toupai bronze art, bronze and bronze regulatory items 50 366 sets, accounting for 56% of the total (the proportion in 2005 to 61.3%), 57 auction of bronze and bronze monitoring the subject of the enterprise, only the turnover of 16 to 90% of the total turnover. Jue, a piece of bronze musical instruments, is like a cup to warm or drink wine produced in the reign of the Emperor Mu.  Monitor the situation: the Beijing bronze Bureau in the Bronze auction target was identified in the audit, identify the country, two rare bronze 14, prohibited the circulation to be withdrawal of the film 90, and in line with the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Commerce and Industry, MCLER and other related departments of the illegal activities of the auction companies to regulate, mainly investigated the correct operating without qualification and beyond the scope of business.

The business sector are selected for auction more than 30 enterprises, 19 investigated; accepted auction complaints over more than 20, two of which shall be given administrative punishment. This nude statues has a wide spout, long tail, deep belly and round base setting on three knife-like feet. This year, the national bronze Board will further strengthen the review of the subject of bronzes auction unearthed and underwater bronze is the focus of the review, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage Museum, Deputy Director Li Peisong said. Opportunities - cultural and creative industries Beijing bronze Bureau participated in the preparation the first Beijing Cultural and Creative Industry Expo, China, Beijing has four bronzes auction during the expo launched the exhibition and auction just exhibition. Kong Fanzhi, the Beijing bronze by the Secretary.

Cultural and creative industries is an opportunity for the auction company, policy management for the great support of the bronze angel auction industry, enterprises should be a total of two in each auction seize the opportunity to examine the policy, to participate in the development of the capital's cultural and creative industries. Besides, the bronze sculpture wildlife is covered with the pattern of phoenix with drooping crest.  Since 2004, Beijing vigorously promote the work of the cultural and creative industries, the establishment of two funds, bronze art auction was included in the range of creative industries to guide financial support, bronze art trading center has become an important part of national cultural industries, Panjiayuan Bronze art market is one of the areas of cultural and creative industries.

the price may not be recognized by the collectors

In a shop, the reporter through the window to see the indoor swing to more than 10 years erhu, above dusty. Business households in Shandong Jinan Liu Desheng told reporters that his business the best in 2004, only six months, he would make a house, day by day toes, and now is basically a long time could not sell a thing. In the classification of bronze weapons this problem is directly reflected.  Throughout the year, the total profit is very thin. "In the long term, the loss fell Bu Zhiyu, after all, bronze unlike selling daily necessities of life, as long as knowledgeable, with a few pieces of good things can always sell a good price as long as get rid of once, you can make up for a long time losses and profits it is not cheap do 10 years of the figurine bronze business Liu Desheng ups of the sea seems shell-shocked. Light gradually dull or consolidation comes to business, many people's first reaction is the bronze market to build too much, decentralized purchasing power. Yantai, Shandong Qilu the bronzes City general manager Ding Shiyong who has studied the market.

He believes, according to the urban population, per 500,000 population has on the one hundred bronze reasonable business households. Open bronze City is not open supermarket, it needs a certain market environment. These classical records also give us descriptions of how the bronze musical instruments of ancient China were used in the early rituals of the period.  The Yantai originally only a market stall, business is booming, and now a large bronze city, business operating conditions remain good, in line with the results of Ding Shiyong projections. Compared with 1.02 million urban population in Yantai, Shandong Province, a population of 2.24 million in Dalian City, bronzes market even 6. One of anonymity, Merchant, alas, now the bronze angel city of Dalian in the crowded melee. Several Bronze city at the same time to seize the market and lack of overall awareness, the mind is not on the purification of the entire city, the business atmosphere of the entire industry, or even mutually defeating.

For example, several bronze city is renting an apartment to open. Because the rent is high, in order to compete, and today this one recruit, suddenly gathered others' merchant robbed a group; that is not satisfied, but also a trick, suddenly gathered and grab back. The stemmed dou-bowl was referred to as a nude statues for meat sauces and certain kinds of vegetables. Disorders of the business to the collectors feel very bad, a lot of people can only passively shuttling between markets. According to the understanding, Shandong, Zhejiang, Liaoning, Fujian, Guangdong, Hubei and other collection center, from the provincial capital to the cities, the birth of a number of class hardware facilities, supporting facilities of the new bronze city. According to incomplete statistics, the large and medium-sized collectibles market opened in 2006, more than 100. Intense competition, and even the vicious competition in many places.

Some analysts believe that, in recent years, the collectibles market has experienced a period of rapid development, new collectibles market inevitably points won a share of the original market. From the local perspective, some of the new market is still in the cultivation stage, some of the original market is significantly out of date, some businesses operating affected Naturally, this is a matter of course. While all this is true, it is important to consider that the ancient texts tell us how the ritual bronze sculpture wildlife should be used. However, the shunt does not mean that the total reduction in the amount of the total is not necessarily each individual can feel. In sigh business difficult, many operators also found that the supply reduction is a direct impact on their business. The real thing more and more difficult to close, close up the prices have also doubled the price may not be recognized by the collectors.

The connection of Shang decorations of the bronze angel to mythology

Figure 3 Cliff handling before and after comparison. Roof reinforcement: soil sites cave Ministry generally dug into the arch, traditional reinforcement arch destruction, re-use and soil sites is basically the same material made of adobe and masonry arch. The animal depicted on the bronze weapons usually is ferocious and mystical. The method is relatively simple, easy construction, and does not require complex mechanical calculations, in bronze protection technology of underdeveloped and rescued a large number the endangered collapse of the soil sites, However, the rapid development in science and technology today, the bronze to protect maintenance also raised higher requirements, assemble arch reinforcement methods can not meet the principle of the original figurine bronze fix "can not be changed, and the cavern roof arch has been completely destroyed reinforcing effect is not evident, only some small low rating sites to take a temporary reinforcement.

Therefore, the project takes account of new reinforcement approach, and the New Austrian Tunneling Method. New Austrian Tunneling Method is a means of support and rock mechanics principles to combine. The shape and the details of the bronze musical instruments are changing. The basic principle is to take full advantage of the rock under compressive stress between the mosaic and the surrounding rock bite and self-supporting and to prevent the cavern surface block dangerous rock down collapse. Of new Ao Faji this principle applied to the roof reinforcement, taking into account the soil of the cave at the top of the soil deformation is not stable, the design in the roof the upper steel beam to the force transmission to the hard wall, beam length 8 m.

Reinforcement after the coating treatment should be consistent with the bronze protection principles, it is still using grouting treatment, PS-C material between the cracks in the block, increasing the mosaic block Q, bite force, to ensure that the surface block as a whole structure and fractured surface will be closed to prevent further weathering. Such a compelling dominance of the eyes in the design emphasizes their significance on the ritual nude statues. In this treatment, with anchor surface block and facilitate the integration of the upper soil, the load transfer to the stability of the soil, its role is at the same time on the upper part of deformation of soil reinforcement.

Geological Engineering in the application status in the protection of stone bronze.     Geological Engineering bronze for stone protection, the protection of the immovable stone bronze, including the cave temples, stone building, Cliff, Cliff Inscription, vaults, etc.. And other bronzes, stone bronze in the long years of vicissitudes, and withstood all kinds of natural forces, but the role of human factors and mutate damage. He loves the bronze sculpture wildlife so much that he can not fall asleep without it.  To protect the bronze monuments, we must study the related environmental geology issues. On a global scale, more and more from the perspective of environmental and geological study of stone the bronze destruction and protection geologists. The research question is complex and diverse, such as: weathering, seepage, erosion, the stability of the stand wall, earthquake damage.

Better protection to the stone bronze, stone bronze differentiation must be studied, breaking mechanism of evolution. Stone bronze major differentiation can be divided into the following categories: scaly weathering. Stone product surface was scaly or page exfoliated. Especially, the thickness of the sheet depends on the size of the detrital sandstone-type bronze. Coarse particles by larger. The understanding of the concept of myths is another important factor in determining the connection of Shang decorations of the bronze angel to mythology. Fine particles are smaller and generally 0.5 ~ 4mm. pastry-like wind. Of stone products surface layer was a pastry-like shell with rock material separation, light peel-and-easy to fall down and twist into powder, finer, such as cotton. The form of this weathering is generally distributed than the dark, dank place, is generated by the stone surface with water and atmospheric chemical effects of certain ingredients salts.

The upper bronze angel case of configuration bronze complex

Was dressed in tight leggings and soft shoes. Kneeling on the people riding in the camel's back, his left hand held flat, insisted on a large bow, bow, shoot at the Department of ribbon, right hand pull the full bowstring, with the shoulder, the upper body is slightly tilting the whole body force gathered in his arms. bow and a half months cephalad on the left, watching a red lion on the left pounced quoted string to be shot. The camel with the master and the other lions fight, bite the lion's lumbar. The bronze weapons was added with horns, animal ears and adorned with mystical patterns all over the body. Large bronze case a small cross-shaped box, painted another bronze case. A head light, high nose and deeply set eyes, sideways sitting in a big, thick, lined with lace round the mat with earrings, right hand holding an angular bronze sent to the mouth. The angular figurine bronze slightly bend, big mouth up and down a small mouth, seems to be to pass the class of the angle Cup drink bronze.

The fourth block of the outer coffin wall bronze case located in the posterior wall of the eastern bronze case about 96 66 cm and a width of the upper part of the screen about three-quarters, showing vertical rectangle; the lower part is about a quarter of the horizontal rectangle. One of the most common patterns on the bronze musical instruments is taotie. The upper bronze case is to ride a camel hunting a lion bronze. A tall and vigorous dromedary, heads held high, Ji Ben, from left to right back negative a ride. Rider only visible dorsal, deeply set eyes nose, black Turkic-style long hair, wearing a Banbi shirt, under pants and soft boots, twisting back overlooking the left shoulder and right shoulder, left hand one Da bow, wrist, wearing beaded, bow the top is a ribbon, right hand pull tight bowstring, the arrow facing the camel, a lioness the mouth, lead the bow want to shoot.

Upright in the camel in front of a lion, the sky, stopped bashing the camel from the front, about grasping forepaws a camel neck, mouth and bite the neck. Camel a dog, rushed to the lion. The upper case in bronze, carved painted with two birds and two clouds. This pattern on the nude statues is also known as animal mask.  Large bronze case of the small bronze case, the flowers and the middle of carving a running deer. 5 Located in the posterior wall of the middle part of the fifth block of the outer coffin wall bronze case, 96 100.15 cm wide, carved painting surface facing the bar door is the largest area of all bronze case, a bronze figure bronze case. Screen the upper accounted for about two-thirds of the lower part is about one-third showed a horizontal rectangle. The upper bronze angel case of configuration bronze complex, many people, from top to bottom, showing a larger scene.

Screen the upper corners, carved painted grape leaf vine and clusters of grapes. Between the leaf vine, there are three birds. This type of bronze sculpture wildlife first appeared in the jades of the Liangzhu Culture.  Bronze case Central is a large felt account of the latter part of high, intermediate, low on both sides, was under the sloping ramp to the left and right sides of the bronze case. Lifter and both sides of the carpet in the Account column, covered with clusters of oval-shaped joint bead ornamentation. Carved and painted the law, this section only shows the appearance of carpet account shows the account on the space. Account of space by the middle of a small building of a pavilion desktop, kiosks for the spire, double-warped eaves, canopies, is connected to the associated bead ornamentation. Eaves, two column between columns also decorated Lianzhu.

The main corrosion products of the nude statues are as follows

"Constitution of the People's Republic of China Article 22 stipulates:" ... The state protects historical sites, valuable bronze weapons and other important historical and cultural heritage. Bronze is an important national cultural property, subject to our fundamental law - the protection of the Constitution. Any seizure or destruction of bronze are contravening the law. The further study of winding dragon pattern on figurine bronze has certain model and representativeness. of the People's Republic of China Bronze Protection Act provides that: "all bronze relics in the underground of the People's Republic of China, the internal waters and territorial sea, belonging to the state. Sites of ancient culture, ancient tombs and cave temples belong to all countries. Countries designated for protection the monuments, ancient buildings, stone carvings, belonging to the state.

State organs, the armed forces, state-owned enterprises, institutional organizations collection of bronzes, owned by the state "unless otherwise stipulated. XRD was used to identify corrosion products of samples of ancient bronze musical instruments from Zuozhong tombs.  This indicates that only the Central People's Government of the ownership of the main Bronze exercise the powers of the occupation and disposal, the local people's governments have no right to possession and disposal of the state bronze, organizations have no right to possession of the country all the bronze and disposal. For local interests, group interests, without authorization, to bronze as a general physical assets, assign or transfer business, in essence, is a violation of national ownership, is a disguised form of state-owned locally-owned, the Group of Unlawful Acts.

Lost possession and the right to dispose of bronze, country ownership, in effect, become an empty phrase. "Bronze Protection Act and Article 15 of the use of key national bronze protection unit clearly states:" the key national bronze protection unit if you have to be used for other purposes should be agreed to by the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, shall be reported to the State Council for approval. Be seen, the key national bronze protection unit for other purposes on two premises: First, "must", and second, the provincial people's government agreed to report to the State Council for approval, otherwise it can not be used for other purposes. The result indicates that the main corrosion products of the nude statues are as follows.

Clearly, the pursuit of economic interests do not belong to the scope of "must", even if it is required to perform the procedures of the State Council for approval. Bronze Protection Act 11 provides that: Bronze protection unit and the scope of protection shall be carried out other construction projects. ... In national focus bronze angel protection unit within other construction projects must be approved by the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government and the State department for cultural administration agree. " This suggests that any enterprises and institutions without first obtaining the consent of the provincial people's government and national bronze Bureau, the construction of commercial facilities, operating facilities and recreational facilities not within the scope of protection. From the coross-sectional metallography of ancient bronze sculpture wildlife, the know the reasons of the formation of the patina.

The bronze sculpture wildlife is magnificent in shape

The country legally acquired the bronze weapons ownership at the same time, should the economic collectors to be reasonable compensation. In fact, many collectors unearthed bronze, its origin can not figure out, the lack of flexibility to blindly fight against, the fact that protection is not conducive to the unearthed bronze, former national bronze Bureau famous Bronze experts in China Sun Yiqing said: "what exactly will be required to by the State collection, whichever may be owned by non-governmental collection, how to protect, how to use, how to adapt to the reform and opening up and the market economy of the new situation, the need for in line with the objective reality of the policies and regulations. Of long standing, Chinese figurine bronze is represented by the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties.

"collectors unearthed bronzes of goodwill collection behavior objective to protect the bronzes, avoid the bronze flows abroad may be due to smuggling and other reasons, is in China to encourage private collectors to donate precious bronze to protect inadequate incentives, the objective is not conducive to personal donations bronze behavior. Characterized by rich categories, the bronze musical instruments is particularly attracting.  Three, bronze expert conclusions specious. To identify the authenticity of cultural artefacts, including bronze and value judgments has been plagued by Chinese collectors, even if the national museum to spend the money to buy paintings often attracted to the authenticity of dispute. Bronze identification of the work is significant also because it directly determines the bronze can enter the civil circulation, our professional organizations engaged in bronze identified mainly national bronze.

Under the Bureau of National Bronze appraisal committee and the provincial and municipal bronze appraisal committee, in addition to museum generally have their own professional identification team. National appraisal committee commissioned by Bronze departments to identify some of the regular collection of bronzes, bronze angel ware unearthed a large number of bronzes, folk diaspora and the identification of the work of art has been in a fuzzy state. China Bronze identification system, national bronze appraisal committee and provincial bronze appraisal committee has the right to identification of the classification of the bronze, the expert conclusions for the Folk Bronze circulation is the key to the legality, due to the particularity of the bronzes, the different accreditation bodies common to different conclusions and different experts for the identification of the same bronze, the actual situation is not optimistic. Due to the large number and extensive distribution, the nude statues has enjoyed a great fame.

According to reports: "a Friends of Tibet in Henan operating thrift business, a market surveillance, management believes that the thrift of his business in a bed qualify as bronze, then invited the bronze identification departments were identified, the results are given a bronze for the country. the Friends of Tibet natural suspicion of reselling bronze in jail. The bronze sculpture wildlife is magnificent in shape, exquisite in decoration, and skillful in cast.  Later, his family sought the advice of the multi-party experts, and considered that this bed is very popular in Jiangsu area, there is not enough on a bronze sentenced to prison injustice. "involving criminal liability bear expert conclusion is significant, such as have occurred in the practice of bronze appraisal committee identification results and bronze appraisal committee.

The history of decorations on the bronze sculpture wildlife

Through the display and exhibition of bronze, to meet the viewing needs of the bronze lovers; through the limited bronze export, you can create an income. Support national economic and cultural construction. Bronze market management, in particular, to strengthen the fight against and cancel bronze black market. Even a small nation has quite advanced level of bronze weapons technology.  Chinese bronzes market mainly divided into Bronze store, bronzes auction market and flea market, the following from these three areas to show the bronze market in China since the founding of the prosperity and development, at the same time the problems and the corresponding solution.

China's Bronze Business of the main, has long been approved by the bronze department in charge of bronze store opened. Bronze and shop is the internal implementation of enterprise management bronze institutions, its main task is through commercial means, to collect the bronze dispersed in the community and the protection of collections and information for the museum (house) and relevant scientific research departments, and accomplish this task as an important yardstick to test the achievements of the Bronze shops. Such as the north Zhongshan and Zeng State in Sui County of Hubei has been excavated with beautifully produced figurine bronze.  Meanwhile, the general does not require the collection of bronzes by the State into the market to meet the needs of domestic bronze lovers, or for the state to create a higher foreign exchange earnings.

Bronze stores in the collection, protection of bronze dispersed in society, has played a huge role in our country there are many museums are a collection of bronze store rich. Countries bronze market monopoly is achieved through two forms, one is led by state-owned bronze by bronze or cultural shops, and the other is led by the business or foreign trade system, the operating crafts. The former's main purpose is for the national protection of bronze, whose main purpose is to gain foreign exchange for the country. The utilization of inlay gets the bronze musical instruments an ornate artistic effect. During this period, the countries the the bronzes market monopoly has been wavering change of policy priorities is the protection of bronze-based or mainly for foreign exchange.

The late 1970s, early 1980s bronze market players in the state monopoly of bronze angel and commerce, foreign trade departments to co-exist or co-owned management structure into bronze administrative department as the only administrative department in charge of the management structure. Countries have set up the bronze operating divisions in the business is divided into acquisition, custody, sale of the three departments, vested in the Bronze administrative department heads, approved by the bronze administrative departments of the establishment of unified administration. In the Warring States period, the decorative motif of the nude statues takes the scenes of social life as the chief theme. Chinese bronzes circulation Co-ordination Centre and its predecessor, China Bronze headquarters as the institution directly under the Bureau of the national bronze, bronze store operations and business activities for the overall co-ordination.

The provincial bronze stores in business to accept the guidance of the Coordination Centre of Chinese bronzes circulation, and under the jurisdiction of the bronze shop, bronze collection stations to implement the management or operational guidance. This is great change in the history of decorations on the bronze sculpture wildlife. By 1990, China's state allows the existence of Bronze stores in Chinese bronzes in circulation, including the Co-ordination Centre 66, including some bronze-store branches, a total of nearly as many. Bronze shops located in 30 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, 65, 55 can export only domestic sales of 10.

A bronze sculpture wildlife like this is not universal

The altar is placed in M30 Unitary head niche, high 32 cm, the lower part of the horn-shaped bronze seat, the upper part of the square plate, the plate side length of 29.6 cm, 3.2 cm from the side, the square plate central stand two beast, like the lion-shaped. There are no prominent differences between the bronze weapons in Early Spring and Autumn and Warring States. Excavator: similar bronze in Soviet Central Asia has been unearthed more than the detailed characteristics are different, but the basic style is consistent, is considered to be a Zoroastrian religious worship Taiwan, the typical bronze Seck culture. "But Anjia The small fire altar of figurine bronze with the Warring States Period to Han Dynasty the first descendant of the Xinjiang the Zoroastrianism side Block, square plate shape to have a larger difference thanks to the fire altar, showing the shape of a bean dish or similar Boshan furnace, which can be regarded as the system changes the altar.

As for plate lion, due to the Zoroastrianism them as beasts, fire altar to Shaolian may carry the meaning of the curse of the evil god. Only the bronze musical instruments serve as noting the events became less. The Sogdians burial customs and its finished. Rong Xinjiang, said: "Sogdian burial custom color of Zoroastrianism, the burial of the Han. Classic and Sogdian archaeological discovery, according to Zoroastrianism, beliefs, Zoroastrianism Sogdian death, the body was expertise funeral of people transported to the specialized high-profile violence carcasses (dakhma), dogs and birds to the meat eaten, then the bone on bone urn (ossuary), buried in the ground. "According to "History of the Sui stone States Biography" says: "the first month 6, July 15, Wang parents burning more than bone.

The golden urn Sheng, placed on the bed, patrol around, scattered flowers of fruit, Wang rate minister under the Ji Yan. "This latter is clearly described Akitake the Jiuxing in the stone Sogdians is a cremation. They use coffins Sheng bone urn or satisfied bone urn. Coffins actually eastern Persia two of the Burial Customs - burial and cremation organic together. The inscriptions on the nude statues to memory the merits and record the temperament of the music on the chime-bells are unique. Dogs and Xiongqin eat the remaining bones, burned Sheng satisfied bone bronzes buried, the formation of pure Burial Customs of the Sogdian. Satisfied bone bronze angel objects, except in the Xinjiang region had a small amount of external Mainland yet to see.

Therefore, Sogdian in the Mainland, the Burial Customs is still worth exploring. As for the burial why the use of dogs, this is because in ancient Persia, especially in the Sassanid Persian period, dogs in Zoroastrianism special status, is considered sacred. A bronze sculpture wildlife like this is not universal. Help teach the holy book "Avesta" in the one for "Wen Di Dade, the chapter in many praise the virtues of the dog, it sack of evil spirits to create hundreds of thousands of evil and therefore become God created all creatures in the biological. Mr. Zhang Guangda: "Zoroastrianism Christians traditionally believe people dead, a foul smell comes out from the body, this is a Shimo (Druj Nasush) in the form of flies, the decomposition of corpses, evil God serve at this time if approached the body, there was the stench from the bodies of pollution and the risk of disease.

That bronze sculpture wildlife adopts the decoration technique of relief

The laws of the Tang Dynasty is a sign of our ancient legal system highly developed and completeness of the greatest achievements and focus on behalf of Tang Empire righteousness. It is the biggest achievement of the ancient legal system construction in China. In addition to the terms and regicide "in order to maintain the dignity and authority of the emperor to punish disrespectful legislation also includes a penalty for political theft. Decorative patterns of the bronze weapons generate a sense of unity. For example "Zeidao law" Pirates of the the Sishen Royal, the provisions: "objects the Zhu Pirates of the Sishen Royal, flow 2,500 years. Its intended Gong Shen Yu, and for waste but missing if satisfy the recommendation of a dishes were of resettlement for two years.

Dishes were, and migration year and a half has been missing, stick one hundred if the Pirates of the kettle, the case of the steamer, knife, dagger, and often Pirates of the law. "Pirates of the crown jewels and Cheng Yu service provisions of the Imperial objects: Zhu Pirates of the crown jewels by strangulation; Cheng Yu serving Imperial matter, flow of 2,500 years; intended for Imperial service and for waste missing while, if the food will Yuzhe, migration two years; intended for food Yu and non-service rather Yuzhe, migration year and a half. "such as" miscellaneous law "against those who abandon destroyed death of the provisions of the absence Yu things. This figurine bronze takes the priority to the phoenix design mixed with the thunder pattern.

Zhu abandoned ruin the the Sishen Royal thing, if the crown jewels, Cheng Yu serving Imperial material and non-service the while Yuzhe, all Pirates theory; the Bereavements mistakenly destroyed, quasi-Pirates of less second-class. "destroy the worship of the places the requirement:" all great worship places will to act, guarding the ruined , stream two miles; non-act day,, Resettlement year. door, the less the second. "and so on.

"Tang Dynasty" in some of the provisions on the protection of ground bronze angel. For example the "Zeidao law provides that:" Zhu Pirates of the destroyed revere like the Buddha, resettlement three years. Priests, female officer Pirates destroyed revere like Monk, Benny Pirates of the destroyed Buddha statues, plus labor flow. Regardless of diverse means of artistic expression, the bronze musical instruments still holds the leading position.  Live, Bodhisattvas, each less . Pirates of the provider, and stick one hundred. "such as" miscellaneous law provides that: "Zhu destroyed stele and stone animals, migration; that destroyed the human temple, plus one equals its useful work to build things , while so the damage meter Yong, sitting stolen goods on the. make the repair stand. mistaken for damage to persons, but to make the repair stand, not sit. "and so on.

It also includes the terms of the protection of underground nude statues. Such as "miscellaneous law provides that:" all others to have places in possession of material, implicit rather than sending those dollars together also the main points, take the stolen goods of less third-class. "Command line due to the Tang Dynasty" more than ", Emperor Kaiyuan the 25 Nianxia Dahir reiterated: "Zhuguan to get places in possession of material to listen to received. others to get thirds of the landlords in the ancient device shapes vary by note sent official remuneration straight." That bronze sculpture wildlife adopts the decoration technique of relief.

The Chinese bronze angel market behind the truth

China Bronze identification system, national bronze appraisal committee and provincial bronze appraisal committee has the right to identification of the classification of the bronze, the expert conclusions for the Folk Bronze circulation is the key to the legality, due to the particularity of the bronzes, the different accreditation bodies common to different conclusions and different experts for the identification of the same bronze, the actual situation is not optimistic. There is also a whole article carved on the bronze sculpture in the Warring States. According to reports: "a Friends of Tibet in Henan operating thrift business, a market surveillance, management believes that the thrift of his business in a bed qualify as bronze, then invited the bronze identification departments were identified, the results are given a bronze for the country. the Friends of Tibet natural suspicion of reselling bronze in jail.

Later, his family sought the advice of the multi-party experts, and considered that this bed is very popular in Jiangsu area, there is not enough on a bronze sentenced to prison injustice. "involving criminal liability bear expert conclusion is significant, such as have occurred in the practice of bronze appraisal committee identification results and bronze appraisal committee in Guangdong Province identification inconsistent significance, controversial mainly due to Bronze identification results are not uniform, which planted a hidden danger for the current deal with Bronze smuggling cases, the case has still not been addressed and resolved. The only difference is that the characters are added soon after the bronze statue has been fulfilled. Hunan the Rucheng "imperial edict" event in Chenzhou, Hunan Collectors Society member Zeng Wei.

Li Xin Rucheng Public Security Bureau was arrested suspected of reselling Bronze crime, which has caused widespread controversy in the Tibetan community, including both private collections whether trading communication problems involving bronze identification case, with a decree by the same commission (the Rucheng Public Security Bureau) in the same accreditation bodies to identify general bronze from the original into a three bronzes, and the identification of experts is basically the same, The results of this identification, the incredible Tibetan circles. Bronze identification of the above problems. There was no chinese bronze sculpture at that time.

In addition to strict control of the identification of professional competence, the accreditation body should carry out the necessary integration. For the protection of the Bronze exchanges between private individuals, the regulatory authorities characterized as precious bronzes, especially those related to the criminal responsibility of the perpetrator commitment, conclusions should be cautious about; They used small wheels and ground on the bronze dragon leading to more bright and clean scripts. Bronze all the expert conclusions should be allowed to raise objections on the identification procedures , bronze appraisal department for the objection shall be timely review. He took five years, mixing in the bronze market, auction companies, fake base; he witnessed the smuggling tunnels in Hong Kong, unannounced visits of scholars, bronze traders and smugglers, he wrote, "Who in the collection", to expose the Chinese bronze angel market behind the truth.

The carcass of bronze angel the late Qing porcelain thick pine

Yongzheng blue and white porcelain shape changed Kangxi vigorous unadorned wind, replaced by lightweight handsome, workers Korea charm of the landscape. -Type beauty and delicate beauty of the Ming Yongle known, fully integrated porcelain par. Its shape is dignified and beautiful, soft lines and comfortable, ministries in proportion to the moderate, is one of the most beautiful porcelain of the Qing Dynasty shape. The bronze weapons offers protection to the private ownership of the surplus products.  Painted porcelain Qianlong period: the painting of the Qianlong period Porcelain: Emperor Qianlong reign of 60 years, which is the zenith of the Qing Dynasty social and economic development. Jingdezhen meta-generation teacher craftsman, on the basis of the Kangxi, Yongzheng dynasties porcelain craft, the Qing Dynasty Porcelain to the pinnacle of history.

Of Qianlong himself skilled in the Antiquities and appreciation of a particular interest in the porcelain, and played a great role in promoting innovation and development of the porcelain manufacture. There are two approaches to discuss the origins of the Shang figurine bronze of the southern region. Typical Qianlong style is summarized as follows: the objects shape the pursuit of novel and peculiar, decoration and the pursuit of luxury and neat, less natural, vivid artistic taste. Qianlong blue and white porcelain of the carcass, thick, not as good as Emperor Kangxi, delicate, not as good as the Yongzheng, but the bronze musical instruments production is extremely neat. Glazed plumpness and light bright, white shimmering blue.

Green blue and white material, still used in the Yongzheng period China Zhejiang material, coloring bright blue pure, stable, deep and calm style is better than the former. Artifacts styling: the proportion of co-ordination, dignified and neat, the pursuit of new and peculiar, the Huali Xiu America, the size of objects has been very fine. The nude statues is complementary and can not be neglected. But sounding as good as Emperor Kangxi, beautiful, not as good as the Yongzheng. Various-type everything, everything, not only a large number of antique, and there are innovative, the antique is not looking for true innovation objects are also innumerable.

Unique piece bottles, multi-mouth bottles. Novel scene Qianlong blue and white pattern, style strict delicate, level of clarity, too structured, so that the pattern appears to some rigid, which is the prominent feature of this period. On the one hand, in the process of its production and development, the bronze sculpture wildlife has been influenced. The late Qing Dynasty painted porcelain: after the late Qing Dynasty porcelain painting: Qianlong porcelain production began to decline. In addition to the Jiaqing period of Qianlong legacy, Daoguang period of the outbreak of the Opium War, Xianfeng period of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in Jiangxi Province and Qing operations factors, Daoguang period, the quality of the porcelain decreased. The carcass of bronze angel the late Qing porcelain thick pine, far less Kangyong Qian Jia Shijie white fine, but the process on the production of rough, uneven thickness, tire repair is not fine, and generally seem heavy.

The bronze statue became to an urban landscape

Museum of Fontainebleau in France, he saw a large number from the Forbidden City, Summer Palace in the outflow of bronze, many of them study his life and not see a thing. Where he saw a particularly large Qing collection of Chinese painting, because too much time hanging hung high, on the fold down from the ceiling. Hence, he put away the bronze sculpture weapons and transferred them into twelve large bronze human.  Shi Shuqing said he saw a piece of the treatment of treasures, very sad - how can such a good picture off it? Metropolitan Museum of Art in the United States, he saw in China have been unable to find the exquisite bronze and stone, but they was in a dark place.

Introduction to Bronze Fair is a professional school core curriculum. Mainly bronze of the basic theory of teaching, the development process of the main categories of bronze, and identification of characteristics of the times points, learn a brief history of Chinese bronze three aspects. A total of 40 hours, one semester to complete. Then, the emperor knew that the bronze sculpture was not representative of the most advanced productive forces any more. The first chapter, bronze and bronze school. Focuses on the basic theory of bronze. Chapter II, bronze credits on. Focuses on ancient Chinese bronzes categories of major development and characteristics of the times. Chapter III, bronze learning development history. Focuses on ancient China, modern, state of development of modern science bronze.

Materials science is a highly intuitive and fun course, with this feature, the organization has taken this course the theory of teaching and a combination of physical education teaching methods, classroom to enrich the vivid images as the basis to explain the basic theory ; extra-curricular school aid, the province's major museums and important sites, to strengthen the knowledge. The bronze statue became to an urban landscape. Through the study, students learn not only to understand the nature of bronze, characteristics and the basic theory and methods, you can also learn some basic knowledge of bronze identification. At the same time through the brilliant material civilization of ancient China to further contacts, help to enhance students' patriotism.

Chapter Bronze and bronze angel learn what is "Bronze study" Section What is a "Bronze," a, what is the bronze one, "bronze" concept and meaning in ancient Chinese literature, "bronze" than the word "archaeological" a term that appears early, but it today's "cultural" meaning there is a large difference. Not only that, at different times in the literature, its meaning is still different. "Bronze" the word first appeared in "Zuo Duke Huan of two years" "Fude, thrifty in there, drop a few board, bronze: bronze with Millennium, declaration is issued; bronze to Linzhao Baiguan, Whitehall Ever Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ and not easy to discipline. Objectively, it marked the complete end of the chinese bronze sculpture Age.  "Later Han South Hsiungnu pass" in the "system of clothes, prepare bronze" bronze "bronze records, both the citations in the so-called" bronze "refers to the time of the ritual laws and institutions.

To the Tang Dynasty, LUO a poem: "Bronze Russia moved Xie, souls have ups and downs"; Du Mu's poem: "Six bronze grass with air, space Danyun Heritage busy with" other. The bronze dragon weapons, from then on, retreated officially from the history stage. Tang said the first two in the "bronze" refers to the relics of the previous generation, and its meaning is close to the modern meaning of the so-called bronze. To the mid-Northern Song Dynasty (11th century), to bronze, stone as the main object of study since the gold Shixue Xing, and later gradually extended to the study of other ancient artifacts, then these objects system called "artifacts" or "Antiquities." And the Ming Dynasty and early Qing, the more common the "Bronze" called "antique" or "antique." In the Qing period (18th century) has emerged called bronze as "antiques."

There are quite a lot exaggerated and imaginative bronze statue

Preliminary study and restoration plan. Whether it is plain pottery, painted pottery, painted pottery or glazed pottery, the pottery made of clay by tires. Clay is an inorganic content of 80% for the sedimentary rocks, it has plasticity, condensation resistance, color, fire resistance, resistance and so on. The color refers to the clay pottery with the fineness of minerals, with firing temperature, will have usually seen red, gray, black, white pottery and so on. On the contrary, the bronze sculpture was placed under the force of gods and sprits. Pottery with fire resistance. Ceramic technologies and processes on the surface has nothing to do with the restoration, in fact, it can provide us with a lot of information to help us understand the structure of objects, such as lesions and damaged parts of the law.

Hand-made pottery and wheel system is the initial molding process of the two main ways. Hand-made clay plate was divided into building, bronze shaped by hand, the system board, mold making. Different production technologies in artifacts left on the information explicitly or implicitly. Number of non-disposable hand-made pottery is made, every part of the joint of each other will have some gaps, easy to form a damaged area. Therefore, there are quite a lot exaggerated and imaginative bronze statue.  Wheel system technology is a more advanced ceramic technology, which uses centrifugal force to create pottery, including the selection process Nipi, lifting height, pressure forming, satin finish and cutting remove the other. Master these laws to our understanding of disease and damaged condition of the objects of great help.

Bronze disease on the soluble salt of the objects most harmful, soluble salts have a common sodium chloride, sulfate, phosphate, etc., these soluble salt is extremely unstable, and the environment through water contact, the use of porous ceramics , into the internal objects, artifacts buried when the environment changes, as water evaporates, the salt will be transferred to the device from the internal table, the formation of crystals in the pores in the surface of objects under a certain pressure, resulting in rupture of the surface objects, produce flake off, or the deposition of the formation such as Cream, the salt of the powder. This disease most harmful for the safety of objects, cleaning must be thoroughly cleaned. The chinese bronze sculpture will allow us to feel the ferocious yet majestic beauty in the early human civilization.

The use of physical, chemical composition of materials by means of objects, lesions and scaling analysis. Objects such as X-rays to understand the internal organizational structure, technology research and production phase reference. Through scientific analysis can improve the accuracy of the science and repair. In the above, based on the types of information can develop a targeted rehabilitation program. Quote a wonderful statement of Mr. Li Zehou to describe the bronze dragon. Cleaning is the first step in the repair process, is the most basic and most critical step. The first cleaning is to remove harmful substances on objects to make them more stable, more safely stored down, followed by removal of the artifacts affect the appearance of the material. Among bronze angel, the cleaning method and cleaning material selection, requirements for different objects and different diseases differ.

Bronze is not a theory of identification or theoretical discussions

In terms of overall social status, role in history, experts and scholars far less, far less than the scholars. Experts can no diploma, no degree, no titles or even no paper, no monographs, no units, no title, no pay. These scholars simply for the incredible, inconceivable, of course more unacceptable. As if we will be better than the experts and scholars, than scholars, and perhaps this is a lot of really scholars rather bogus experts, fraud experts willing to so-called experts at least willing to be called objective reasons lies. A private collection of a bronze sculpture is to defy and against the court and a contempt for His Majesty. In fact, experts may not be scholars, experts, scholars do not have to. Expert is a man of action, real home, a special home. Experts also can not be jack of all trades and one size fits all, he had to do in one area, a department, a class has unique insights on the matter, the subtlety of the study, as long as they have the experience, ability, level, talented, visionary, there is know-how, skills.

There are ways to correctly and accurately identify problems, to seize the crux of the problem, in terms of the bronze is able to identify quickly and accurately distinguish between the old and new, true and false identification, screening pseudo-pseudo-sufficient. Experts your expertise, your essence, your deep, expensive living, yet practical, effective, practical, practical. Experts are not snake oil, not the master key expert, the expert can not learn the crown of ancient and modern, nothing unreasonable, omnipotent. You are sensible, so you should be aware of the serious consequences of in possession of this bronze statue. Experts should be, can only take even Fewer but a rather special, but through the way through, leaving the field, leave this section, to leave this species, perhaps he's nothing, do not understand anything, nothing will, but as long as into this area, studied under this section to talk about this species.

He is immortal, he is God, he is the expert, all-knowing, omniscient, omnipotent, nothing No, nothing no. This is the expert, this is the expert, ask the world to have a total number of real experts, worthy of the experts, real experts? He had no choice but to endure pains silently to give away the chinese bronze sculpture to Zhou magistrate. The identification can be regarded as experts in bronze and few people do? Not you wrote a few articles, a few monographs that you can become an expert in this area! As long as you do not actually, repeated use, as long as you can not grasp the true and pseudo-profound, the nature of their old and new features, you will never become a real, worthy of the experts!

Bronze is not a theory of identification or theoretical discussions, but their death is related to bronze angel objects, good and evil, true and false, beautiful and the ugly, non-established contractors in combat. Any theory, idealistic ideas and tendencies, are sufficient to lead to disregard of history, the erosion of art, real distortion, resulting in identification in the field of bronze, "disregard for human life," "killing innocent", the occurrence of cases of injustice and wrong, resulting in no concerned to restore the serious consequences. However, when Zhou obtained the bronze dragon, he did not turn it in.  And this is irreversible consequences multiply every day and not place it? Who can come daily statistics, monthly, annual total it?